Essay examples --

II. DIELECTRIC LOADED EXPONENTIALLY TAPERED SLOT ANTENNA DESIGNThe ETS approach is also known as flared ding antenna, is among one of the most promising antenna satisfying all requirements described in the technical challenges 11. It is fundamentally a planar traveling wave antenna with end fire radiation. This antenna is the preferred candidate for Mm Wave applications due to its wide bandwidth, low cross polarization and highly directive patterns. A major advantage of this antenna type is that the wide bandwidth and maximum gain can be achieved using exponentially tapered profiles with nonconductor loading 12. The proposed dielectric scheme provides an interesting alternative. This antenna is integrated by using a single substrate. It is easy to fabricate and the bodily structure is compact 13. To eliminate the higher allege modes in the waveguide, the thickness of the substrate is restricted. The loaded dielectric slab in front of the antenna can be considered as a dielectric guiding structure excited by the exponential flare resulting in a wider beamwidth and maximum gain. The compa...

Violence against Women :: Sociology Essays Research Papers

Violence against WomenGender-based violence has been recognized as a large public health problem as well as a violation of human rights worldwide. One out of three women has been beaten, coerced into sex, or stepd in another way at least once in her life (www.infoforhealth.org). The abuser is usually a member of the family, introducing the difficult problem in that the abuse usually happens behind closed doors, and is often viewed by heathen norms and legal systems as a family matter rather than a crime.The statistics available on violence against women are startling. Domestic violence is the major cause of end and disability for European women ages 16 to 44 and accounts for more deaths and injuries than automobile accidents and idlercer. The Russian government estimates that over 14,000 women were killed by family members in 1999, but there is still no legislation that specifically addresses domestic violence. In South Africa, more women are shot in the home by relatives t han are shot on the streets or by intruders (web.amnesty.org).Two of the most common forms of abuse in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood are intimate partner abuse and coerced sex. Intimate partner abuse is about always accompanied by serious psychological abuse and in one quarter to one half of cases is also accompanied by force sex. Most women that are abused numerous times often become terrified of their partners. Many are scared to speak to someone about the abuse due to the fear that the abuse will get worse if reported (www.infoforhealth.org).In some countries, women are discriminated against by laws that do not protect from violence in the home. Police and persecutors sometimes refuse to help women abused in the home because of the false assumption that these women bring on the abuse themselves. Women that attempt to attest against their husbands may lose custody of their children. For women of these nations, there is no way out and nobody to listen (web.amnesty. org). The effects of abuse may be detrimental to a womans reproductive health, as well as to other aspects of her physical health and psychological state. Along with increasing injury, physical abuse can cause an array of other problems such as increased risk of unintended pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections, adverse pregnancy complications, chronic pain, physical disability, depression, and do drugs and alcohol use. Health care providers often miss opportunities to detect if a woman has been abused by either being unaware, indifferent, or judgmental.

Gertrude of Shakespeare’s Hamlet Essay -- Essays on Shakespeare Hamlet

The Gertrude of Shakespeares Hamlet Is Gertrude, in the Shakespearean drama Hamlet, a bore? A killers accomplice? The perfect butt? A dumbie? This paper will answer many questions concerning Claudius partner on the Danish throne. In her essay, Acts III and IV Problems of Text and Staging, Ruth Nevo explains the deleterious motion of Gertrudes behavior on her sons relationship with Ophelia His mother has predisposed him to believe in womens perfidy, has produced in him a revulsion from ride and the stratagems of sex he was unable to draw Ophelias face by his perusal she has refused his letters and denied him access now returns his gifts. What form of devious double-dealing shall he expect? (49-50) Gertrude is indeed not the ideal mother. Lilly B. Campbell comments in Grief That Leads to Tragedy on magnate Gertrudes sinful state Shakespeares picture of the Queen is explained to us by Hamlets speech to her in her closet. There we see again the picture of sin as evil willed by a reason perverted by passion, for so much Hamlet explains in his accusation of his mother You cannot call it love, for at your age The hey-day in the blood is tame, its humble, And waits upon the judgement and what judgement Would step from this to this? . . . O shame . . . And of the Queens punishment as it goes on throughout the play, there can be no doubt either. Her love for Hamlet, her grief, the woes that come so fast that one treads upon the heel of another, her consciousness of wrong-doing, her final dismay are those also of one whose soul has break down alienated from God by sin. (97-98) Gunnar Bokland in Hamlet describes Gertrude... ...hamlet/other/jorg-hamlet.html Nevo, Ruth. Acts III and IV Problems of Text and Staging. Modern Critical Interpretations Hamlet. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York Chelsea House Publishers, 1986. Rpt. from Tragic condition in Shakespeare. N.p. Princeton University Press, 1972. Pitt, Angela. Women in Shakespeares Tragedies. Readings on The T ragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint of Shakespeares Women. N.p. n.p., 1981. Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1995. http//www.chemicool.com/Shakespeare/hamlet/full.html No line nos. Smith, Rebecca. Gertrude Scheming Adulteress or Loving Mother? Readings on Hamlet. Ed. Don Nardo. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 1999. Rpt. of Hamlet A Users Guide. New York Limelight Editions, 1996.

Philosophy Essay -- Socrates

There are three contrasting expounds of elements in ones soul called Reason, physical appetites and olfactory perception due to the inner interlocking. Each part of the soul is doing its own job. A worldly c erstrn can film two different responses from his inner world when he has a conflict to decide. For example, a serviceman was thirsty. He wants to drink some body of body of water because his appetite is relation back him that he needs to quench. While his reason part provide list out all the rational reasons for avoiding him from drinking, such as the water can adjudge you sick. When the mans desire was higher than reason then the sprite will appear to support with appetite (138). However on that point is another attitude when the spirit will help reason out. When the soul is divided into factions, it is far more ready to be up in weapons on the stance of reason (138). Reason can consider as wisdom because it is the leader of the soul. It gives rational orders fo r spirit to follow, so they could work together to continue the appetites. Then spirit can symbolize courage because the spirit is not afraid of against enemies in order to carry out its mission for holding the appetites in all dowry because appetite is like the m any(prenominal)-headed of the heller as it mentions in Chapter XXXIV. The many-headed symbolized the divided mind of the monster. It needs the lion to help the man to control the many-headed monster since the power of the man will be weak when there are many desires of the monster. Hence, the man symbolized the reason and the lion symbolized the spirit. Moreover, there shouldnt be any internal conflict between these three since they are all doing a great job. This phenomenon of performing good cooperation is called temperance. According to Socrates the reason for all this is that each part ... ... careful since once population had chosen for the character they want to be such as be an animal or human being, and then i ts their duty to be responsible for their decision. At the end of the story it tells the part when people pass through the River of Unmindfulness. That all the people Required to drink a certain whole step of this water, and some have not the wisdom to save them from drinking more. Every man as he drinks forgets everything (359). Which means if a somebody drinks too frequently water then he will not remember that there always has penalty for being unjust, thus his moral will not button to be increased because he will keep doing unjust thing and thinks there is no punish for it. In conclusion because of immortality, people understand the theory of being unjust need to bear the punishment, which helps a person, can have better moral understanding. Philosophy Essay -- SocratesThere are three different parts of elements in ones soul called Reason, physical appetites and spirit due to the inner conflict. Each part of the soul is doing its own job. A man can have two different responses from his inner world when he has a conflict to decide. For example, a man was thirsty. He wants to drink some water because his appetite is telling him that he needs to quench. While his reason part will list out all the rational reasons for avoiding him from drinking, such as the water can make you sick. When the mans desire was higher than reason then the sprite will appear to support with appetite (138). However there is another situation when the spirit will help reason out. When the soul is divided into factions, it is far more ready to be up in arms on the side of reason (138). Reason can consider as wisdom because it is the leader of the soul. It gives rational orders for spirit to follow, so they could work together to hold the appetites. Then spirit can symbolize courage because the spirit is not afraid of against enemies in order to carry out its mission for holding the appetites in all circumstances because appetite is like the many-headed of the mon ster as it mentions in Chapter XXXIV. The many-headed symbolized the divided mind of the monster. It needs the lion to help the man to control the many-headed monster since the power of the man will be weak when there are many desires of the monster. Hence, the man symbolized the reason and the lion symbolized the spirit. Moreover, there shouldnt be any internal conflict between these three since they are all doing a great job. This phenomenon of performing good cooperation is called temperance. According to Socrates the reason for all this is that each part ... ... careful since once people had chosen for the character they want to be such as be an animal or human being, and then its their duty to be responsible for their decision. At the end of the story it tells the part when people pass through the River of Unmindfulness. That all the people Required to drink a certain measure of this water, and some have not the wisdom to save them from drinking more. Every man as he drinks fo rgets everything (359). Which means if a person drinks too much water then he will not remember that there always has penalty for being unjust, thus his moral will not going to be increased because he will keep doing unjust thing and thinks there is no punish for it. In conclusion because of immortality, people understand the concept of being unjust need to bear the punishment, which helps a person, can have better moral understanding.

Novelty Never Lasts :: essays research papers

Novelty never LastsOne thing I eat up recently begun to learn in life is that the novelty ofanything, presumptuousness a little bit of time, no matter how fascinating or unusual itwas at first, usually wears off quicker than one would prefer. I have provethis to apply to nearly everything I have experienced in my life, and afrightening term comes to mind. "jaded." At least(prenominal) it should be frightening to a virtuous seventeen year old, with so much left to do in life. I am more thanconfident that this is just a walk phase, yet nonetheless I have discoveredhow quickly the novelty of certain things tail end wear off from the experience Ihave had in the jobs I have held and from the recurrent action of doing anythingthat I find make outable on a regular basis.     Through the jobs I have held both at a local pizza restaurant and movietheater, I have found that any novelty that pizza and movies once had is no semipermanent there. I can easily remember back before my first job at the pizzeriawhen I savored the opportunity to eat pizza as ofttimes as I could. Now, thanks tothe fact that I ate pizza almost every time I worked during that year, pizzajust doesnt taste that dandy anymore. Whenever my family orders a pizza fordinner, I really dont look forward to it as much as I employ to. Instead, I justshrug it off, "Pizza, double deal, what else do we have to eat?" This same loss ofappreciation has happened with my second job as well. I have been working atSony Theaters Palace clubhouse for closely four months now, and I can easily say thatI dont really enjoy an outing to the movies as much as I used to enjoy them.Probably because I see them all for free now, but mostly because I know exactlyhow the movie theater works, I no longer experience the same thrill about goingto the movies that I once did. I know all the ins and outs of the business Ineed to, and I am no longer fascinated by the movie theater industry. I findthis loss of appreciation unfortunate to say the least, but at least I wasmaking some money in the process.     I have also found that novelty can wear off through with(predicate) the repeated actionof doing anything that I find enjoyable on a regular basis. A couple examplesof this would be billiards and traveling. Last year, my friends and I wouldNovelty Never Lasts essays research papers Novelty Never LastsOne thing I have recently begun to learn in life is that the novelty ofanything, given a little bit of time, no matter how fascinating or unusual itwas at first, usually wears off quicker than one would prefer. I have foundthis to apply to nearly everything I have experienced in my life, and afrightening term comes to mind. "jaded." At least it should be frightening to amere seventeen year old, with so much left to do in life. I am more thanconfident that this is just a passing phase, but nonetheless I have discoveredhow quickly the novelt y of certain things can wear off from the experience Ihave had in the jobs I have held and from the repeated action of doing anythingthat I find enjoyable on a regular basis.     Through the jobs I have held both at a local pizza restaurant and movietheater, I have found that any novelty that pizza and movies once had is nolonger there. I can easily remember back before my first job at the pizzeriawhen I savored the opportunity to eat pizza as often as I could. Now, thanks tothe fact that I ate pizza almost every time I worked during that year, pizzajust doesnt taste that good anymore. Whenever my family orders a pizza fordinner, I really dont look forward to it as much as I used to. Instead, I justshrug it off, "Pizza, big deal, what else do we have to eat?" This same loss ofappreciation has happened with my second job as well. I have been working atSony Theaters Palace Nine for about four months now, and I can easily say thatI dont really enjoy an outin g to the movies as much as I used to enjoy them.Probably because I see them all for free now, but mostly because I know exactlyhow the movie theater works, I no longer experience the same thrill about goingto the movies that I once did. I know all the ins and outs of the business Ineed to, and I am no longer fascinated by the movie theater industry. I findthis loss of appreciation unfortunate to say the least, but at least I wasmaking some money in the process.     I have also found that novelty can wear off through the repeated actionof doing anything that I find enjoyable on a regular basis. A couple examplesof this would be billiards and traveling. Last year, my friends and I would

Urban Legend of Mount de Sales Academy :: Urban Legends Ghost Stories

Mount de Sales AcademyWhen one usually thinks of a hearing a ghost story, the setting is dark with flickering light (such as around a campfire or in a basement with self-aggrandising lighting) and, of course, it is nighttime. Needless to say, when I heard this story during the middle of the day on a Friday, I was a little taken aback. When prompted for any urban subtitles or ghost stories a white, female friend of mine immediately responded with, Have you ever heard of de Sales Academy? With my negative response, the nineteen year one-time(a) student jumped into her storyMount De Sales Academy is one of those Catholic, all girls schools that teaches their students to be good Catholics and all that. In the 1940s, however, there was one girl who didnt listen to all the rules and became pregnant. For the time, this was a terrible situation and the girl didnt know what to do. She lived at the school on the top floor and eventually pull suicide instead of facing the trouble she would have been in. Ever since then, there have been reports in the school of doors open up and closing with no possible chronicle and silhouettes seen in the windows when there should be no one at the school.The storyteller had not witnessed the strange happenings at the school but claimed to know someone who had seen the disturbances. As a performance, the telling of this story was very matter a fact and my friend did not self-aggrandize the performance was quick, to the point, but not particularly dramatic. The storyteller told the legend as fact and was not melodramatic about her role as storyteller.While researching the story I was only able to find one precise reference to Mount de Sales and any ghostly presence there. However, at this online repository of lore relating to the State of Maryland, Mount de Sales Academy is mentioned along with reports of doors opening and closing bit locked anda bright blue silhouette walking by the windows (Juliano and Carlson). Furthe r research found no other reference to de Sales in any stories and no reference to any suicide or murder at the school. The additional tale found relating to the Catonsville school does reflect the story told to me. Both mention doors opening and closing without cause along with a ghostly silhouette but there is no reference in the Internet source of the suicide of a pregnant girl.

Time Management Research Strategy Paper

Time focus Research Strategy Paper At first, I thought the example given Time Management was not a good example to use for my paper. I didnt really Clearer writing suggestionreal or really implys quick in actualityit adds little to the compresseding (and using it to mean big, very, or genuine is slang) replace it with a more expressive formulate feel like I throw away an issue managing clip, after all I complete my undertaking about ninety Express numbers higher than nine in digits (when not the first word in the sentence) -nine part of the time and normally finish on or ahead of schedule.However, when I stopped to look at what I complete I was surprised The passive voice is a form of be (was) and a participle (surprised). Over-use of the passive voice provoke make paragraphs tedious to read and officious. emphasise to use the active voice most often, e. g. , the student completed the paper on time. The passive voice versionThe paper was completed on time by the studentSee eCampusCWETutorials & GuidesGrammar & Writing GuidesActive & passive voice at my findings. I found that I have to some degree, mentally categorized my task.What I mean by this is that I have, without thinking about it, categorized my task into 2 separate groups Work and personal. The first, being my primary group is the tasks associate to my job. This group boasts has a very high finis rate and quality of work on these tasks is checked Passive voice by my employer as well and then communicated to me. Based on task tracking I have about a ninety Express numbers higher than nine in digits (when not the first word in the sentence) -eight percent completion rate and based on feedback from my employer I know the quality of my work is very high as well.Now, the second category is my personal carriage category and my after examining it, I found that I dont have results anywhere near my what I have in my job related category. My personal category breaks down into two groups as well The have to be done now Clearer writing suggestionNow is a guileful concept. If the sentence is in the past tense, it probably should be rendered as then. If not, and un slight you are making a philosophical statement (Now is the time to improve myself) or mean as of the present time (the business is now known as Ajax Corporation), onsider removing nowbecause this is being read after the time you wrote it, your now is in the past and the can wait until later groups. I find that when I leave work, I leave a task-oriented environment and enter an environment of relaxation and enjoyment. This environment of less critical tasks allows the task to be ignored Passive voice until they cant be ignored Passive voice any longer, forcing some sort of action. Now in review of this method, the completion rate is not the only item to score poorly, the quality of the work suffers tremendously as well.Project oriented tasks that have some sort of glaring outcome such as Check word choice such as re fers to things that are exactly what you are discussing like means something similar to what you are discussing put tile in a walkway get Doctoral rule (although good advice for any academic writer)get is informal English and can mean galore(postnominal) things in academic writing, use forms of arrive at, can, could, grows, is able to, etc. completed in a timely manner and with a much higher aim of quality. My goal for this investigate paper is to develop a strategy for improving my time management skills for my personal category.With the proper time management skills I think the quality of work on these tasks depart also rise exponentially. My goal requires data on time management tools, prioritization and Check punctuationinsert a comma butterfly before this word if this is the last in a list of more than twoor if it begins a new clause organization. I want to gather cultivation from credible sources, so I will be looking for information from reputable time management coa ches. Additionally I need to answer the pursuit questions How can I improve my prioritization skills? What organization tools are there for time management? and What are the keys to managing your time? I will use the Internet for my seek because it can be accessed 24/7 and reference any books that are available through University of Phoenix online library. I will place the information retrieved into two categories, germane(predicate) and non-relevant. Discarding the irrelevant data and sorting the relevant into categories that fit the questions that I have asked and a category for the questions that may be applicable which Use that for a constraining phrase (or place a comma before which) I did not ask.I will then analyze the data, re-categorizing if needed, examine the evidence of recommendations, determining whether the information is fact or opinion and if it is opinion is it supported Passive voice by any facts. I will make comparisons to similar information identify any t hemes or ideas and align the information with other information retrieved. Then I will examine vistas and assumptions.By determining what perspectives the author If this means yourself, avoid referring to yourself in the ordinal person if this is a personal account, use the first person (I, me, my) may have I will derive a better idea of what caution his information is coming from and better determine how applicable it is to my situation. Likewise, if the author has made or not made certain assumptions the information collected from this person may be applicable to my situation. There may also be a need to prove or disprove an assumption to determine just how relevant a certain piece of information is or for that matter how relevant a certain author is.I think it is important to examine my perspective as well as the authors so that I can be more specific in my search for answers. As research progresses and more is learned Passive voice about time management, I will ask additional questions and look for examples of these ideas and tools played out in everyday life to check out its suitable to me. The information must make sense and be adaptable to anyone looking to improve his or her time management skills, but I will also be looking for ideas and tools that fit my character and lifestyle. at one time I have answered my questions, I will determine which tools recommended work best for my personality type, I will take my character and schedule into consideration then formulate a strategy that will be easily implemented Passive voice into my personal lifestyle. Once implemented I will track the completion of my tasks and determine my successful completion rate, then based on feedback from my family as well as myself I will determine if the quality of my work has improved as well. References Carter, C. , Bishop, J. , & Kravits, S. L. (2007). Keys to College Studying Becoming an Active Thinker (2nd ed. ). Pearson Prentice Hall.

Economic development programs Essay

One bea where Afro-American performes have largely been on their own is in the area of economic culture programs. Reiland relates the tale of a successful grassroots economic development program initiated by the Greater Christ Temple in Meridian, Mississippi. The church started the REACH platform in 1977 in response to high unemployment in the congregation. The program, beginning with sales of peanuts in the church basement, has expanded greatly since these humble beginnings.As Reiland notational systems, the churchs economic enterprises today include a Christian boarding school, a gas station, motels, placidityaurants, meat processing plants and several other ventures. The REACH Program hasnt had the easiest cadence differences of opinion within the African-American community, particularly a split with the NAACP, is noted troubles with formal systems such as the welfare discussion section and the health department are to a fault noted.The REACH Program does not receive any assistance from the government or from philanthropic foundations, and is entirely self-funded, which has occasionally caused problems with the viability of the program. Overall, though, the program has been a success, and the economic health and wellbeing of the congregation has grown tremendously. As Reiland states A cutting bishop who doesnt look beyond the poor community itself for salvation, who sees potential line of merchandise success in the faces of his flock, may seem naively out-of-step.To those watching from the ground, a bird that is out of formation risks being seen as misguided. But maybe It is the rest of the flock that is out of step. (Reiland, 7). YOUTH ADVOCACY PROGRAMS early days advocacy programs and early days ministries have long been a cornerst angiotensin converting enzyme of Black church ministry, and have been accepted to decrease spring chicken problems such as crime, premarital sex and pregnancy and truancy and drop out rates in areas with strong ch urch programs. Youth advocacy programs are also one of the main areas where Black churches perform community outreach galore(postnominal) church programs are extended to non-congregation members.Rubin (1994) studied the role of youth advocacy programs within Black churches and their effects on childishs who participated. Youth advocacy programs are particularly important because, as Rubin states, adolescence is a peculiarly vulnerable time adolescents are often no longer under the full control of their parents and have braggy bodies, but are still lacking in adult psychological qualities the like judgment capability, impulse control and the ability to predict the consequences of their actions.Although adolescents are typically physically healthy, they suffer myriad social and psychological ills they are ill-equipped to deal with (Rubin, 252). Rubin notes that the social problems of adolescents range from pregnancy and out-of-wedlock births to delirious and inner abuse to crim e and dereliction.The picture the authors paint is depressing they note that the highest rate of adolescent pregnancy and out of wedlock birth occurs among poor Black teenagers that sexually transmitted diseases and premature sexuality are also a concern that emotional and physical abuse, dysfunctional families, the lack of male role models in the home, and substance abuse are all on the rise that physical and mental problems like psychosis, accidental injuries, obesity and thyroid problems disproportionately affect Black children and that depression and suicide are common among Black teens (Rubin, 252).Other social problems like crime, delinquency, illiteracy or non-completion of high school, limited career aspirations and lack of opportunity, and behavioral and learning difficulties combine with the above factors to paint a very negative picture of the African-American adolescent (Rubin, 252). Rubins study examined the role of the Black church in affecting the lives of Black ado lescents to determine how responsive the church is to the needs of its youth.The study, called the Black church Family Project, examined 635 churches in total across the North Central and Northeastern United States, conducting phone interviews with church leaders in order to determine the degree of youth ministry provided. Out of these churches, 176 reported the existence of at least one program which was open to nonmembers of the church. Most of the programs were targeted at youth from low-income homes (Rubin, 253). The churches who responded to Rubins study reported many different types of programs.The most common programs were teen plunk for programs such as counseling, fellowships or ministry, group discussions, seminar and workshops (39%). Sports activities such as athletic camps or martial liberal arts classes were second most popular, at 30% of the responding churches offering. AIDS support and health-related services were offered least commonly, at only 2-3% of responding churches however, many churches offered general programs for substance abuse counseling.College monetary support (16% of the responding churches), parenting and sexuality counseling including pregnancy prevention and teen parenting support programs were offered by 15% of the churches, and 14% of the responding churches offered intervention programs for at-risk youth such as delinquency prevention (Rubin, 254). Other programs included adult role model or mentoring programs, employment training and job readiness, and a category of other youth support programs.The study found a number of different which influenced the potential for a church to host or facilitate a youth outreach ministry denomination was one such factor, with Methodists being far more likely than other denominations to host such groups, and Baptists least likely older churches were more likely to host programs, as were churches which were economically more stable. Other factors cited were ownership of church premises and the presence of paid clergy and lay helpers (Rubin, 256).The character and training of the churchs pastor was also seen to be of critical importance when determining the likelihood of a church having youth outreach programs clergy who were younger, those who were formally trained at a seminar or bible college or those who had advanced degrees were seen as more likely to sponsor youth ministries (Rubin, 257). Rubins study highlights some deficiencies in the coverage of youth outreach programs as compared to the problems of modern adolescents.The authors note that health related services and AIDS testing and support programs are very rare that substance abuse, parenting and sexuality programs are not as salient as they should be when compared to the size of the problems in the African-American communities overall and that the bulk of support is aimed at sports and fellowship activities, which can be easily obtained outside the church setting (Rubin, 258).However, Rubin also note s some positive advantages to the involvement of the Black church in adolescents lives. The churchs role in family vivification is one such advantage the church offers support to parents which reduces their stress and eases the task of socializing their children. Adolescent parents in particular are supported by the Black church, with education of teenage fathers and stress reduction of teenage mothers being primary benefits (Rubin, 260).Black churches have also taken on an increasing burden for sexual education in the wake of federal limits which require abstinence-only programs life skills, economics and basic prenatal care are also seen as benefits to the church ministry (Rubin, 261). Areas Rubin mark out as having great potential for improvement are in college support (scholarships and tutoring), job training and employment readiness and acknowledging and supporting the difference in adolescent psychology and social support structures between boys and girls (Rubin, 262).

Genetic Engineering in Food Production Essay

Genetic Engineering in Food Production Is it Safe, Wise, and Moral? Over the past couple of decades, the genetic design has been found and is regarded as the improvement of advanced technology in the field of biology. Ever since the first gene was cloned in 1973, genetic engineers have been pursuing at break-neck speed the unfathom fit possibilities promised by biotechnology . Their excitement, which has generated billions of investment dollars for the industry, is understandable.Bioengineering allows scientists to identify specific gene sequences responsible for particular characteristics and past to transfer the genes and the specific trait into entirely contrasting species. One of the more current and controversial issue in the field of biotechnology is the use of bioengineering in food outpution. Scientists are experimenting with many different plants, but the genetic engineering of the tomato plant, dubbed Flavr Savr has been the most highly publicized project by far.Th e recent tomato is supposed to boast more red and be tastier due to its longer staying time on the vine, thereby giving it more time to accumulate sweetness yet, it will not rot or gas because of its new genetic makeup. (Davidson 1993). With this advanced technology scientists argue that it could offer the greatest hope in the aid to stop hunger in Third solid ground countries. This new technology could be used to make bulk levels of food production more efficient and less costly.However, despite all of its advantages in creating best(p) crops, many people are very skeptical about its safe and possible long-term health effects. Moreover, the social issue lies deep in the body politic of estimable and moral concerns. Do people really want to eat meat that is leaner and tastier but contains genes from humans? Or, would individuals (like vegetarians) be able to eat indisputable vegetables that may contain genes from animals?Personally, I would not support the use of genetic en gineering in food production based on moral and ethical reasons I do not think that scientists should be able to use their knowledge and social prestige in society to be able to hoyden the persona of God in creating new or better documentation things even if their justification is for the purpose of serving mankind. Although we still have much to nab about genes, recently developed techniques have already given rise to a new technology of molecular genetics.Genetic engineering, also known as gene splicing/manipulation and recombinant desoxyribonucleic acid technology is a set of techniques for reconstructing, or deliberately manipulating, the genetic material of an organism. Operating at the molecular level, this lick involves the addition, deletion, or reorganization of pieces of an organisms DNA (known as genes) in order to alter that organisms protein production (Arms et al. 1994). The use and applications of genetic engineering range from medical and pharmaceutical to indus trial crops and food products.Its applications, today or in the future, includecreating improved strains of crops and farm animals (Arms et al. 1994). All of these applications rely on the efficiency to transplant genes into a cells makeup, or genome. The new gene may come from another organism, of the same species, or it may contain DNA produced in the laboratory. One example, the new Flavr Savr tomato, developed by Calgene, a biotechnology company based in Davis, California, was subjected to years of scrutiny before the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) hold that it was safe to eat.They found, copied, and rebuilt a gene that lets these tomatoes stay on the vine without softening and spoiling. That means that the fruit drop develop more of the sugars and acids that make a home-grown tomato assay so sweet and rich. Conventional tomatoes sold in the stores are often hard and flavorless because they are picked while green and firm enough to transport, consequently ripened by spr aying with ethylene (Wood 1995). This turns the tomato red but does nothing to develop a riper flavor. Ethylene, a colorless, odorless gas that once kicks in, so do all the problems of perishability (Wood 1995).Since tomatoes have a softening gene, it produces RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) to help manufacture a protein that causes rotting. To stop the tomatoes going soft too soon, the researchers devised a government agency to block production of the enzyme polygalacturonase, which breaks down cell walls and eventually causes the fruit to rot (Miller 1994). The Calgene scientists inserted a mirror image of the softening gene that produces a reverse double of the RNA. This reverse RNA blocks the action of the regular RNA and helps to preserve the fruit.All in all, Calgene seems to have produced a good but hardly outstanding tomato using antisense technology, given all the propaganda and advertisements. A couple of the reasons for why the tomato failed were because (a) the manipulation of the ripening gene had unintended consequences (soft skin, weird taste, compositional interpolates) and (b) the high hurt they tried selling it at first for$2. 99 a pound (as expensive as organic tomatoes), then later dropped the price to $2. 49, then $1. 99, then . 99. Furthermore, the general public does not seem persuaded or have caught up with this trend yet.For one, people are greatly concerned about the safety of the product since the FDA does not insist that genetically engineered foods carry a special label, even though the FDA assured consumers that they butt joint be confident in knowing that foods produced by genetic engineering are as safe as food in our grocery stores today, stated FDA Commissioner David A. Kessler, MD (Miller 1994). However, critics have cited a case in which at least 31 people died and 1500 contracted a fatal blood disease after ingesting a genetically engineered batch of L-trytophan, a dietary supplement (Davidson 1993).Without proper labeling it will be impossible for consumers to exercise their right to choose what kind of foods they eat. Another issue among consumers and environmental activist gatherings is that of moral and ethical concerns. Many people feel that scientists might have gone too far in terms of experimentation. We have now come to the end of the acquainted(predicate) pathway of leaving everything to the creation of Mother Nature. With the rise of advanced technology in genetics, scientists now possess the ability to manipulate genes, and redirect the course of evolution.They can reassemble old genes and devise new ones. They can plan, and with computer simulation, anticipate the future forms and paths of life. Hence, the old ways of evolution will be dwarfed by the role of purposeful human intelligence. However, just as nature stumbled upon life billions of years ago and began the process of evolution, so too would the new creators of life find that living organisms all have a destiny of their own. To ev aluate the validity of the benefits of this technology, we need to upshot three simple questions Is it safe, is it wise, is it moral? Sinsheimer 1987).To answer the first question about whether it is safe, if the technological developments are kept open to public knowledge and scrutiny, I think in the short term it could be. This way the general public can monitor the hazards of any new product introduced into the biosphere, and can probably cope with any immediate problems or consequences. In answering the second question of whether it is wise, I would say that it is not. Through decades of research, scientists have learned of the different pathogens that prey on humans, animals, and major crops.But I believe that their knowledge is still very trammel in trying to understand what led to these organisms existence and modes of adaptation. Thus scientists cannot really predict whether all their new discoveries and creations might somehow lead to a new and unexpected group of harmful species since potential organisms that could be converted by one or more mutations be transformed from harmless bugs to serious risks. Finally, to answer the question of the advantages of genetic engineering in terms of morality and ethics, I can only say that the more we create, the more problems we will have in the long run in trying to solve them.Life has evolved on this planet into a delicately balanced and fragile network of selfsustaining interactions and equilibrium. If we try to change or replace the creatures and vegetation of this earth with human-designed forms to conform to human will, I believe we will forget our origins and inadvertently collapse the ecological system in which we were found. Moreover, do we really want to assume the full responsibility for the structure and make-up of our world?I think that we seriously need to intervene amongst the scientists and engineers to consider a solution that will help slow down all of these experiments so that we could step back and look at what we are doing. If not, I think that these practicing scientists and researchers should be more broadly educated in our humanistic values and traditions. They need to understand the implications of what they are doing in order to be able to balance the concerns of the natural environment and that of societys humanistic needs to bear in mind that technology exists only to serve and not create. mankind beings, are of course, sprung from the same DNA and built of the same molecules as all other livings things. But if we begin to regard ourselves as just another group of subjects to test our experiments on by altering or tampering with the foods we eat, just like another crop to be engineered or another breed to be perfected, we will surely lose our awe of humanity and undermine all sense of human dignity.

Market penetration Market development Essay

Beiersdorf has expanded in each possible direction. Market penetration is demonstrated by NIVEA Lip Care outputs, which have been ex 10ded with wise variants. The up-to-the-minute of these (Pearl and Shine) became the market leader in 2003. An example of product development is Visage Soft Facial Cleansing Wipes. Market research showed that women were looking for a new way to clean and tone their skin.The Wipes quickly took the number one spot in the UK wipes market market. Market development is demonstrated by the launch of NIVEA deodourant into the UK and new markets in Europe. The UK launch was into a market dominated by Unilever. Following market research, NIVEA entered this market in a more specialist skincaring segment, lieu the deodorant so that it had the same values as the NIVEA cream. Diversification is shown by the development of NIVEA FOR MEN. This built on the strong brand. It recognised that men also utilize facecare products. The product range included shaving foam and gel, aftershave and moisturising lotion.Introduction Beiersdorf is the skincare business behind leading brands such as NIVEA, Atrixo and Elastoplast. Beiersdorfs runner product was NIVEA Cream, the first modern cosmetic product, now utilize by an estimated one billion people worldwide. Beiersdorf has helped to stay ahead of competition over the last ten years by growing the business.Growth Business growth can be measured by how it increases sales turnover, profits, market share, number and range of products, geographical spread or its number of employees. Businesses can grow from inside, by increasing their product range, or from outside, by acquiring other businesses. Beiersdorf has concentrated on the first route, called organic growth. It has developed new products established in new countries and expanded market share in its established markets. Its growth focuses on a relatively small number of key brands.Conclusion Beiersdorf is Europes leading skincare company. It ha s competed effectively by continually growing both its products and its markets.Ansoff s hyaloplasm Business writer Igor Ansoff suggested four possible directions for growth. Businesses can grow by selling More of their insert products in present markets market penetration. New products into present markets product development. More of their present products into new markets market development. New products into new markets diversification. Ansoff showed these in a table. Any of these, or a combination, can be used for expansion.

The Return: Shadow Souls Chapter 7

Elena woke to the sound of Damon impatiently rapping on the window of the Prius. She was fully clothed, clutching her diary to her. It was the mean solar day after Matt had left(p) them.Did you sleep single in all wickedness ilk that? Damon haveed, looking her up and shovel in as Elena rubbed her eye. As usual, he was immaculately robed all in black, of course. Heat and humidity had nary(prenominal)effect on him.Ive had my breakfast, he said shortly, haveting in the drivers seat. And I brought you this.This was a styrofoam cup of sticky coffee, which Elena clutched as gratefully as if it were Black Magic wine, and a brown paper bag that proved to contain donuts. no(prenominal) exactly the most nutritious breakfast, but Elena craved the caffeine and sugar.I need a rest drive out, Elena warned as Damon coolly seated himself behind the wheel and started the car. To change my clothes and swosh my face and things.They headed directly west, which accorded with what Elena had imbed by looking at a map on the Internet end night. The small image on her winding ph integrity matched the Priuss navigation system readout. They had both shown that Sedona, Arizona, lay on an almost perfectly straight horizontal line from the small rural road where Damon had lay everyplacenight in Arkansas. save soon Damon was turning south, taking a round most route of his own that qualification or might not dodge some(prenominal) pursuers. By the time they found a rest stop, Elenas bladder was about to burst. She spent an unashamed fractional hour in the womens room, doing her best to swoosh with paper towels and cold water, brushing her hair, and changing into new jeans and a fresh white top that laced up the front like a corset. after all, peerless of these days she scarce might have another out of be experience while napping and see Stefan again.What she didnt essential to think about was that with Matts departure, she was left alone with Damon, an untamed v ampire, traveling through the middle of the United States toward a destination that was literally out of this world.When Elena finally emerged from the restroom, Damon was cold and expression little(prenominal) although she noticed that he excessivelyk the time to look her over bonnie the same.Oh, damn, Elena thought. I left my diary in the car.She was as certain that hed read it as if shed seen him doing it, and she was glad that there was energy in it about leaving her body and finding Stefan. Although she believed Damon wanted to free Stefan, too she wouldnt be in this car with him if she didnt she also felt that it was better that he didnt k now she had gotten there first. Damon enjoyed being in charge of things as much as she did. He also enjoyed Influencing each police officer who pulled him over for noise the speed limit.But today he was short-tempered scour by his own standards. Elena knew from firsthand experience that Damon could make himself remarkably good compan y when he chose, telling outrageous stories and jokes until the most prejudiced and taciturn of passengers would laugh in spite of themselves.But today he wouldnt hitherto reply to Elenas questions, much less laugh at her own jokes. The one time she tried to make physical contact, touching his arm lightly, he jerked forth as if her touch might ruin his black leather jacket.Fine, terrific, Elena thought, depressed. She leaned her head against the window and stared at the scenery, which all looked alike. Her mind wandered.Where was Matt now? Ahead of them or behind? Had he gotten any rest last night? Was he driving through Texas now? Was he eating properly? Elena blinked away tears, which salubrioused up when ever so she remembered the way he had walked away from her without a backward look.Elena was a manager. She could make almost any situation turn out okay, as long as the people virtually her were normal, of sound mind(predicate) beings.And managing boys was her speciality. S hed been handling them orchestrateing them since junior high. But now, approximately two and a half weeks since she had come back from death, from some spirit world that she didnt remember, she didnt want to steer anyone.That was what she loved about Stefan. Once shed gotten past his reflexive instinct to come up away from anything he cherished, she didnt need to manage him at all. He was maintenance-free, except for the gentlest of hints that shed turned herself into an expert on vampires. Not at chase them or slaying them, but at loving them safely. Elena knew when it was right to bite or be bitten, and when to stop, and how to keep herself human.But apart from those gentle hints, she didnt even want to manage Stefan. She wanted simply to be with him. After that, everything took care of itself.Elena could live without Stefan she thought. But just as being away from Meredith and Bonnie was like living without her two hands, living without Stefan would be like trying to live without her heart. He was her partner in the extensive Dance her equal and her opposite her beloved and her lover in the purest sense imaginable. He was the other half of the Sacred Mysteries of Life to her.And after seeing him last night, even if it had been a dream, which she wasnt willing to accept, Elena missed him so much that it was a throbbing pain inside her. A pain so great that she couldnt tire to just sit and dwell on it. If she did she might just go insane and start raving at Damon to drive faster and Elena might excruciation inside, but she wasnt suicidal.They stopped at some nameless town for lunch. Elena had no appetite, but Damon spent the entire break as a bird, which for some fence infuriated her.By the time they were driving again, the tension in the car had built until the old clich was impossible to avoid you could cut it with a folded napkin, much less a knife, Elena thought.That was when she realized exactly what kind of tension it was.The one thing that was saving Damon was his pride.He knew that Elena had things figured out. Shed stopped trying to touch him or even speak to him. And that was good.He wasnt supposed to be feeling like this. Vampires wanted girls for their fair white throats, and Damons sense of esthetics demanded that the rest of the donor be at to the lowest degree up to his standards. But now even Elenas human-sized aura was advertising the unique life-force in her blood. And Damons response was involuntary. He had not even thought about a girl in this way for approximately five hundred years. Vampires werent capable of it.But Damon was very capable now. And the closer he got to Elena, the stronger her aura was around him, and the weaker was his control.Thank all the little demons in hell, his pride was stronger than the desire he felt. Damon had never asked for anything from anyone in his life. He paid for the blood he took from humans in his own particular coin of pleasure and fantasy and dreams. But Elena didnt need fantasy didnt want dreams.Didnt want him.She wanted Stefan. And Damons pride would never allow him to ask Elena for what he alone desired, and equally it would never allow him to take it without her consenthe hoped.Just a fewer days ago he had been an countermand shell, his body a puppet of the kitsune twins, who had made him hurt Elena in ways that now made him cringe inside. Damon hadnt existed then as a personality, but his body had been Shinichis to play with. And although he scarcely could believe it, the takeover had been so comp permite that his shell had obeyed Shinichis every command he had tormented Elena he might well have killed her.There was no point in disbelieving it or saying that it couldnt be true. It was true. It had happened. Shinichi was that much stronger when it came to mind control, and the kitsune had none of the vampires detachment about pretty girls below the neck. Besides which, he happened to be a sadist. He liked pain other peoples, that is.Damon couldnt deny the past, couldnt extol why he hadnt awakened to stop Shinichi from hurting Elena. There had been nothing of him to awaken. And if a solitary part of his mind still wept because of the evil he had done well, Damon was good at blocking it out. He wouldnt waste time over regrets, but he was intent on controlling the future. It would never happen again not and leave him still alive.What Damon very couldnt understand was why Elena was pushing him. Acting as if she trusted him. Of all the people in the world, she was the one with the most right to hate him, to point an charge finger at him. But she had never once done that. She had never even looked at him with anger in her dark blue, gold-spattered eyes. She alone had seemed to understand that psyche as completely possessed by the master of the malach, Shinichi, as Damon had been, simply had no choice wasnt there to make a choice in what he or she did.Maybe it was because shed pulled the thing the malach h ad created out of him. The pulsating, albino, second body that had been inside him. Damon forced himself to repress a shudder. He only knew this because Shinichi had jovially mentioned it, while taking away all Damons memories of the time since the two of them, kitsune and vampire, had met in the Old Wood.Damon was glad to have had the memories gone. From the moment he had locked gazes with the fox spirits laughing golden eyes, his life had been poisoned.And nowright now he was alone with Elena, in the middle of the wilderness, with towns few and far between. They were utterly, uniquely alone, with Damon servicinglessly wanting from Elena what every human boy shed ever encountered had wanted.Worst of all was the fact that charming girls, deceiving girls, was practically Damons own raison dtre. It was certainly the only reason hed been able to keep on living for the past half millennium. And yet he knew that he must not, must not even start the process with this one girl who, to him , was the jewel lying on the dungheap of humanity.To all appearances, he was perfectly in control, icy and precise, distant and disinterested.The truth was that he was going out of his mind.That night, after making sure that Elena had food and water and was safely locked into the Prius, Damon called down a damp fog and began to weave his darkest wards. These were announcements to any sisters or brothers of the night who might come upon the car that the girl inside it was under Damons trade protection and that Damon would hunt down and flay alive anyone who even disturbed the girls restand then hed get around to really punishing the culprit. Damon then flew a few miles south as a crow, found a dive with a pack of werewolves drinking in it and a few charming barmaids serving them, and brawled and bled the night away.But it wasnt enough to distract him not nearly enough. In the morning, returning early, he saw the wards around the car in tatters. Before he could panic, he realized th at Elena had broken them from the inside. There had been no warning to him because of her peaceful intent and innocent heart.And then Elena herself appeared, coming up the bank of a stream, looking fairly and refreshed. Damon was stricken speechless by the very sight of her. By her grace, by her beauty, by the unbearable closeness of her. He could smell her freshly washed skin, and couldnt help deliberately breathing in more and more of her unique fragrance.He didnt see how he could put up with another day of this. And then Damon on the spur of the moment had an Idea.Would you like to learn something that would help you to control that aura of yours? he asked as she passed him, heading for the car.Elena threw him a sidelong glance. So youve decided to talk to me again. Am I supposed to faint with joy?Well that would always be appreciated Would it? she said sharply, and Damon realized that he had underestimated the storm he had brewed inside this formidable girl.No. Now, Im being serious, he said, fixing his dark gaze on her.I know. Youre going to tell me to become a vampire to help control my Power.No, no, no. This has nothing to do with being a vampire. Damon refused to be drawn into an argument and that must have impressed Elena, because finally she said, What is it, then?Its learning how to circulate your Power. profligate circulates, yes? And Power abide be circulated, too. Even humans have known that for centuries, whether they call it life-force or chi or ki. As it is, youre simply dissipating your Power into the air. Thats an aura. But if you learn to circulate it, you can build it up for some really big release, and you can be more inconspicuous as well.Elena was clearly fascinated. wherefore didnt you tell me before?Because Im stupid, Damon thought. Because to vampires its as instinctive as breathing is to you. He lied unblushingly. It takes a certain level of competence to accomplish.And I can do it now?I think so. Damon put slight uncertainty in his voice.Naturally, this made Elena even more determined. Show me she said.You mean right now? He glanced around. Someone might drive by Were off the road. Oh, please, Damon? Please? Elena looked at Damon with the huge blue eyes that altogether too many males had found irresistible. She affected his arm, trying once more to make some kind of contact, but when he automatically drew away, she continued, I really do want to learn. You can teach me. Just show me once, and Ill practice.Damon glanced down at his arm, felt his good sense and his will wavering. How does she do that?All right. He sighed. There were at least three or four billion people on this dust mote of a planet that would give anything to be with this warm and eager, yearning Elena Gilbert. The fuss was that he happened to be one of them and that she clearly didnt give a damn for him.Of course not. She had dear Stefan. Well, he would see if his princess was still the same when if she managed to free Stefan and g et out of their destination alive.Meanwhile, Damon concentrated on keeping his voice, face, and aura all dispassionate. Hed had some practice at that. Only five centuries worth, but it added up.First I have to find the place, he told her, hearing the lack of warmth in his voice, the tone that was not merely dispassionate but actually cold.Elenas expression didnt flicker. She could be dispassionate, too. Even her deep blue eyes seemed to have taken on a frosty glint. All right. Where is it?Near where the heart is, but more to the left. He moved(p) Elenas sternum, and then moved his fingers to the left.Elena fought back both tension and a shiver he could see it. Damon was probing for the place where the flesh became soft over bone, the place most humans assumed their heart was because it was where they could feel their heart beating. It should be right aroundhere.Now, Ill run your Power through one or two circulations, and when you can do it by yourself thats when youll be ready to really conceal your aura.But how will I know?Youll know, believe me.He didnt want her to ask questions, so he simply held up one hand in front of her not touching her flesh or even her clothing and brought her life-force in synchronization with his. There. Now, to set the process off. He knew what it would feel like to Elena an electric shock, starting at the point where he had first touched her and quickly spreading warmth through her body.Then, a rapid montage of sensations as he went through a practice rotation or two with her. Up toward him, to her eyes and ears, where she would suddenly find she could see and hear much better, then down her spine and out to her fingertips, while her heartbeat quickened and she felt something like electricity in her palms. Back up her arm and down the side of her body, at which point a tremor would set in. Finally, the energy would sweep down her magnificent leg all the way to her feet, where she would feel it in her soles, curling her toes, before coming back around to where it had started near her heart.Damon perceive Elena gasp faintly when the shock first hit her, and then felt her heartbeat race and her eyelashes flicker as the world suddenly became much lighter to her her pupils dilating as if she were in love, her body going rigid at the tiny sound of some rodent in the grass a sound she would never have heard without Power directed to her ears. And so, all around her body, once, and then again, so she could get a feel for the process. Then he let her go.Elena was panting and exhausted and hed been the one expending energy. Ill never be able to do that alone, she gasped.Yes, you will, in time and with practice. And when you can do it, youll be able to control all your Power.If yousay so. Elenas eyes were shut now, her lashes dark crescents on her cheeks. It was clear that shed been pushed to her limit. Damon felt the temptation to draw her to him, but suppressed it. Elena had made it clear that she didnt want him embracing her.I wonder just how many boys she didnt push away, Damon thought abruptly, bitterly. That surprised him a little, the bitterness. Why should he care how many boys had handled Elena? When he made her his Princess of Darkness, they would both go hunting for human prey sometimes together, sometimes alone. He wouldnt be jealous of her then. Why should he care how many romantic encounters shed had now?But he found that he was bitter, bitter and angry enough that he answered without warmth, I do say you will. Just practice doing it alone.In the car, Damon managed to stay annoyed with Elena. This was difficult, as she was a perfect traveling companion. She didnt chatter, didnt try to hum or thank fortune sing along with the radio, didnt chew gum or smoke, didnt backseat drive, didnt need too many rest stops, and never asked Are we there yet?As a matter of fact, it was difficult for anyone, male or female, to stay annoyed at Elena Gilbert for any length of time. You coul dnt say she was too exuberant, like Bonnie, or too serene, like Meredith. Elena was just sweet enough to offset her bright, active, ever-scheming mind. She was just gracious enough to make up for her self-confessed egotism, and just skewed enough to ensure that no one would ever call her normal. She was intensely loyal to her friends and just forgiving enough that she herself considered almost no one an enemy kitsune and Old Ones of the vampire kind excepted. She was honest and frank and loving, and of course she had a dark legal profession in her that her friends simply called wild, but that Damon recognized for what it really was. It compensated for the nave, soft, ingenuous side of her nature. Damon was very sure that he didnt need any of those qualities in her, especially right now.Oh, yesand Elena Gilbert was just gorgeous enough to make any of her negative characteristics completely irrelevant.But Damon was determined to be annoyed and he was strong-willed enough that he co uld usually choose his mood and stick to it, appropriate or not. He ignored all of Elenas attempts at conversation, and eventually she gave up trying to make them. He kept his mind pinned to the dozens of boys and men whom the exquisite girl beside him must have bedded. He knew that Elena, Caroline, and Meredith had been the senior members of the quartet when they had all been friends, while little Bonnie had been the youngest and had been considered a bit too nave to be fully initiated.So why was he with Elena now? he found himself asking sourly, wondering for just the slightest second if Shinichi was manipulating him as well as taking his memories.Did Stefan ever worry about her past especially with an old feller Mutt still hanging around, willing to give his very life for her? Stefan must not, or hed have put a stop no, how could Stefan put a stop to anything Elena wanted to do? Damon had seen the clash of their wills, even when Elena had been a child mentally just after ret urning from the afterlife. When it came to Stefan and Elenas relationship, Elena was definitely in control. As humans said She wore the trousers in the family.Well, soon enough she could see how she liked wearing harem trousers, Damon thought, laughing silently, although his mood was darker than ever. The sky over the car darkened pass on in response, and wind ripped summer leaves from branches before their time. Cats paws of rain dotted the windshield, and then came the flash of lightning and the echoing sound of thunder.Elena jumped slightly, involuntarily, every time the thunder let loose. Damon watched this with tired of(p) satisfaction. He knew she knew that he could control the weather. Neither of them said a single word about it.She wont beg, he thought, feeling that quick savage pride in her again and then feeling annoyance with himself for being so soft.They passed a motel, and Elena followed the blurry electric signs with her eyes, looking over her shoulder until it was lost in darkness. Damon didnt want to stop driving. Didnt dare stop, really. They were headed into a really nasty storm now, and occasionally the Prius hydroplaned, but Damon managed to keep it under control barely. He enjoyed driving in these conditions.It was only when a sign proclaimed that the next place of shelter was over a hundred miles away that Damon, without consulting Elena, swung into a flooding driveway and stopped the car. The clouds had let loose by then the rain was coming down in bucketfuls and the room Damon got was a small outbuilding, separated from the main motel.The solitude suited Damon just fine.

Sop for Public Health

Being a compassionate person at heart, I was inclined towards social work since my school days. So naturally I was inclined to do some good when I was studying to be a dentist. So in the rather drab subject of Community dental medicine which most of students hated well I found some interest on Public Dental Health services, recordings for case studies, Indices and Epidemiology. There I learnt that the address of health services and primary care was very difficult in a vast and diverse country as India. Epidemiology and diagnosis of diseases like AIDS, tobacco cessation program, Dental lath education were interesting.I even made a project in my third year on oral manifestations of HIVE. The project was a grueling copy of pictures and slides that explained the various routes of transmission of HIVE, difference between HIVE and AIDS, what are the early signs and symptoms of HIVE, and how to prevent spread of this infection, in a manner easily comprehensible by a layman. While many p eople own started using this and showed improvement, I constantly wonder about performing such techniques on a bigger scale something that will make it possible.India and especially South Asia has a great population who are in influence of chewing Tobacco and Smoking. They have led to losses socially, economically, functionally, psychologically and of life in our society. During my training in dental school I came to realize that number of tobacco users are oftentimes more in my state. And they have to suffer a lot because of this habit from diseases like cancer at very early age. Already quality of health is poor and because of such habit people made it more worst.This inspired me to attend a special training workshop for tobacco cessation management by Tobacco Intervention Initiatives (T). My extensive knowledge on pre-cancerous lesions proved to be extremely helpful at the time of implementation of the training at related campaigns. And I already used this knowledge during my internship to aware people about harmful effects of tobacco and helped them to quite their habit. It made me realize that we needful greater skills of Management and organization in our Society and this was a major hurdle in our Health Care system.

Response Paper to ‘What You Eat is Your Business’ By Radley Balko Essay

From the essay What You Eat is Your Business by Radley Balko, he shows a strong conviction of what should be man knowledge and what should stay private. His determination on obesity not being public health makes people rethink what obesity is, the governments part in it, and how to go round fixing it. Though Balko isnt the only author with a strong belief on this subject, he stands out because of the way he captured the readers attention. He does this by challenging what people straightaway suppose is just common knowledge. Balko uses logos by giving the title for a TV finicky where policy makers, health specialists, and media are involved. Balko also mentions numerous senators and the president that also contributed to the cause of stopping obesity. By using logos and then stating In other words, bringing government between you and your waistline it brings in the use of pathos.Instead of encouraging the use of many influential people on this problem, Balko does the opposite. I t does work in bringing out emotions by causing people to think. When people think about this, they will all agree that government should be involved or they will lean towards Balko and think that obesity is a personal matter. Either way, the audience is likely to get upset with how the government is acquire too nosey or how Balko makes them the enemy. The audience is more likely to lean towards what Balko is stating because of his bias look on the matter. The way he captures the audience is by bringing independence into his words For decades now, Americas health care body has been migrating toward socialism. Your well-being, shape, and condition have increasingly been deemed matters of public health, instead of matters of personal responsibility.These sentences make people pit because America is based off of independence and if the audience starts to believe that their control of their own lives are slip away, then they will fight against it. Though Balko does do a great job in getting peoples attention and making them lean closer to his side, he is bias. Balko enlarges the evils of public health, to where he doesnt mention the positive sides of it. If he did mention how having public health has worked in at least cardinal way, then what he states about the wrongs of it would have more logic and reason.People without a bias opinion on the matter look at both sides and weigh the pros and cons. So if he included something proficient about public health care then he would be more creditable for his essay. Balkos essay is very interesting and motivating. From his writing, his best quality is capturing the audiences attention. He captures the audience with his in all essay and keeps them reading by his opinion on the matter. To be a writer people believe that you need to have passion for what you write, and Balko certainly does.Work CitedBalko, Radley. What You Eat Is Your Business. Cato Institute. N.p., 23 May 2004. Web. 18 Sept. 2013.

Romeo and Juliet: Chapters 1 – 7 quotes

Chapter 1 QuotesA squat grey building of only thirty- quad stories pg.1This is the opening personal credit line of the novel and it paints a picture of what the city is exchangeable. It is grey meaning on that point is no life and various(prenominal)ity, it is sort of dull and that the building being only thirty-four stories high indicates that it is a sm totallyer building comp atomic make sense 18d to those that duck it and that this terra firma is dis mistakable to what we guide at designate.Community, Identity, Stability pg.1This is the motto of this last raw(a) humanness. Community through mindh(predicate) whizz an otherwise working hand in hand and applying themselves panopticy at w despisever mull over they have been assigned to undergo. Identity of each humanness being known as either an Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Deltas or Epsilon. And finally, stability in spite of appearance the mirthful forward-looking world through each type of human astute their uti lisation in spite of appearance the touch on and that in that location leave alone be no un mirth within the humans. cool for all the summers beyond the panes, for all the tropical heat of the room itself pg.1hither we chew the fat the artificial disposition of the brave unexampled world. Thither is no heat emitted throughout highlighting the particular that the humans in the world ar roughlywhat artificial too. The rooms argon not heated through a natural process although it is all d oneness through machinery and if not even summer would be a cold season.Hands g hunchd with a pale corpse- food colouringed rubber. The light frozen, dead, a ghost. pg.1This provides another insight into the world which has been created through the various processes and techniques that have been implemented in the brave bare-ass world. It shows that there is no uniqueness within the community and that everyone is if they argon dead and that they is no actual life.For particulars, as everyone knows, make for virtue and happiness generalities argon intellectually necessary evils pg.2This shows that everybody within the brave new world has been made for a unusual purpose and that they can only fulfill that purpose. Liking what you are doing provides virtue and happiness and so there are particulars although having generalities and room for potential and ability to rise above others is evil. This is the message that the director provides the students to show that this is the high hat style forward and that the way it was carried out before-Ford was a headache to all.Year of stability A.F 632 pg.2The director lecture to the students, always refers to what they are doing as the year of stability, the year were the process of what they are doing to create a brave new world stabilizes and continues to bring public assistance to those brought up with it. A.F stands for After-Ford, the creator of the Ford T-Model, and the dates are base on around him.Alphas and Betas rema ined until definitely bottled while the Gammas, Deltas and Epsilons were brought out again pg.3This is the process that was applied to the various embryos to get back the intellectual capabilities of each individual. The more type O a type received the higher their news would be so that is why the alphas and betas, the smarter humans, would remain with group O while the Gammas, Deltas and Epsilons would only have a authorized tot of time with oxygen as they were not required to do high intellectual jobs. further a bokanovskified egg impart bud, will proliferate, and will divide. From eight to ninety-six buds and every bud will turn over into a perfectly formed embryo, and every embryo into a full-sized adult. Making ninety-six human beings put up where only one grew before. Progress pg.3-4Yet again the director tells the students of his beloved process which form adults which they serve at present. In a normal process, eggs will bud and form one embryo to form a full-sized adult although in the brave new world, a Bokanovsky egg due to scientific enchantments, are able to fire over ninety adults. This shows that there has been significant advancements in the human lavation and that they study that progress is the key.Bokanovskys Process is one of the major(ip) instruments of social stability Major instruments of social stability. measuring rod men and women in uniform batches. pg.5Bokanovskys process is the one that is ruling over the brave new world. It allows for certain type of flock to be born with a certain limit to their intellectual capabilities and as a result it provides the social stability that was being looked for. It provides both men and women to do the identical job with the same abilities to do so and so it provides stability.Like chickens drinking, the students lifted their eyes towards the distant ceiling pg.8This shows that even those who are on a tour of the process are in condition(p) in such as way that they to do things at the same pace and share the same amount of interest in the head at hand. It also highlights the fact that there is not much room for uniqueness within the brave new world and that humans are at a point where they are nearly as unique as a chicken in a group of them.So we allow as many as thirty per cent of the fe anthropoid embryos to develop normally. The others get a dose of male sex-hormone every twenty-four metres for the rest of the course. Result theyre decanted as freemartins structurally preferably normalbut sterile. Pg.10hither we view the process that is carried out to make female adults although make sure that they do not have the capability or desires to reproduce as this would cause a disruption to the stability of brave new world. The process involves allowing the female to develop normally for thirty-percent although they are accordingly given a dose of male sex-hormone so that they are freemartins and at the same time still structurally fine.The lower the caste, the shorter the oxygen pg.11The Alphas, Betas, Gamma, Deltas and Epsilons are all other than intellectually capable and this is due to the amount of oxygen that they receive as embryos. The more oxygen that one receives the higher the intelligence, as Alphas do the approximately amount work inquireing intelligence they are given the most oxygen and so then are recognized as Alphas while the least amount of oxygen is given to those who do not need much intelligence to recognize their task which Epsilons.But in Epsilons, we dont need human intelligence pg.11Epsilons are the lowest caste within the brave new world association and they do not need a large amount of human intelligence to complete their role in the society. As they do not need this intelligence they are starved of oxygen so they do not move up within the castes and so stability is upheld.And that, put in the Director sententiously, that is the secret of happiness and virtue liking what youve got to so. All condition ing aims at that making wad equal their unescapable social destinypg .12The process that is involved in making a human is one of ease in the brave new world and for that to continue the people that are born must be lettered into liking what they have to do. For modeling, if an Epsilon was conditioned into liking cleaning toilets they would be rewarded as a five-year-oldster to go near toilets although if they were not, they would not like this job and therefore there would be an uprising. condition is all about making people like their unescapable social destiny.They learn to associate topsy-turvydom with well-being in fact theyre only truly clever when theyre standing on their heads pg.13-14This underlies the process of conditioning, undergoing processes so that the human is associated with the job or role they play, even if that means making them hate books and flowers. here we construe that the embryos are propertyd upside- cut down so that when they are born that is t he state that they receive comfortable in and that they will be conditioned to do their job with better results. barefaced New humannessAldous HuxleyChapter 2 QuotesBooks and rubbishy noises, flowers and electric shocksTheyll grow up with what the psychologists used to call an instinctive hatred of books and flowers. Reflexes unalterably conditioned. pg.17This is another typeface of where conditioning changes the natural growth of a person. In this example we see that babies are conditioned to hate books and flowers through the use of playing loud noises whenever they played with books and handsome them slight electric shocks whenever they played with flowers. This then meant that the babies when grow up and have a hatred for books and flowers and will necessitate nothing to do with them which allows them to do certain jobs within the society.It was decided to abolish the love of nature, at any rate among the lower classes pg.18Abolishing the love of nature allows for certain types of people to do certain jobs within the brave new world society without the hatred of doing the job. This is especially forced upon the lower classes including Deltas and Epsilons as they required the conditioning to do things of low intelligence and therefore there will be no uprising against what they are assigned to do.We conditioned the plurality to hate the country, but simultaneously we condition them to love all country sports pg.18Here is another example of where conditioning sets a particular liking and disliking for different things. In this example it is of hating he country so that people do not have the intention to travel there although they love the country sports so they can watch it on television resulting in their ago times filled instead of wanting(p) to do other activities.(Here the Director made a sign of the T on his stomach and all the students reverently followed suit) pg. 20The T symbol indicates the significance of Henry Fords T-Model car and that not only does the director mention what he has contributed to make the brave new world possible but the students to understand that he is a divinity like figure and must be respected.Elementary Class ConsciousnessAll raid green and Delta children wear khaki. Oh no, I dont want to play with Delta children. And Epsilons are still worse. Theyre too stupid to be able to read or write. Besides, they wear black, which is such a beastly colour. Im so glad Im a Beta. Alpha children wear grey pg. 22This shows that each class of people, the Alphas, Betas, Gammas, Deltas and Epsilons have different uniforms to wear so that they can be easily recognized by others. For example, Delta children wear khaki, Epsilons wear black, and Alphas wear grey. in time this child who is talking in this example says he is glad to be a Beta because he is conditioned in such a way that he does like being who he is and does not want it any other way.Brave New WorldAldous HuxleyChapter 3 QuotesMustapha MondBe rnard MarxLenina Crowne pg.28These three people all feed significant background histories in different areas although the names are changed slightly within the novel. Mustapha Mond is the Resident World Controller of Western Europe, one of only ten World Controllers. He was once an ambitious, young scientist do illicit research. When his work was discovered, he was given the choice of going into exile or training to constrain a World Controller. Bernard Marx an Alpha male who fails to fit in because of his inferior physical stature. He holds unconventional beliefs about sexual relationships, sports, and community events. His insecurity about his size and status makes him discontented with the World State. Bernards prenomen recalls Karl Marx, the nineteenth-century German author ruff known for writing Capital, a monumental critique of capitalist society. Finally, Lenina Crowne is a vaccination worker at the Central London Hatchery and Conditioning Centre. She is an object of de sire for a number of major and minor characters, including Bernard Marx and John. Her behavior is sometimes intriguingly unorthodox, which makes her attractive to the reader.Home, home a few small rooms, stiflingly over-inhabited by a man, by a periodically teeming woman, by a rabble of boys and girls of all ages. No air, no space an under sterilized prison darkness, disease and smells pg.31This quote describes the spirit areas of the people within brave new world. They are not given much although they are conditioned to feel happy about what they have and they do not complain despite the fact that they are living with a large number of male and females as well as boys and girls in little space which teems full of diseases and unpleasant smells.Dr. Wells advised me to have a Pregnancy Substitute. pg.32This is Lenina Crowne talking, where she says that she is having a gestation substitute a process Since there is no subsist birth or pregnancy, only decanting, it is suggested that women take a pregnancy substitute, which lasts several months. The procedure is not described in detail. It is compulsory at age twenty-one, but some women have it as early as seventeen.But everyone belongs to everyone else, pg.34Through everyone belonging to everyone else, there is no need for marriage, is no need for love or no need for reproduction between the opposite sexes. This allows for the Bokanovskys process to rise and continue to taken over the brave new world. This also means that there will be stability which is essentially what is being cherished in this society and by everyone just as similar as the near and no connectedness between anyone it can be upheld.No wonder those low-down pre-moderns were mad and criminal and miserablethey were not conditioned to obeythey were forced to feel strongly pg.35Here we see that there is a shift in time and that before Ford, people who were called pre-moderns were miserable and wicked because they were not conditioned and con trolled by the community and could do whatever they liked and that cause a riddle of society as well as feeling and supporting what they thought was correct. This to moderns sounds like a past that they do not want to go back to and therefore advocate the process and society they live in now.No civilization without social stability. No social stability without individual stability pg.36Here we see the motto being used, especially that of stability within the brave new world. Stability is a key concept within the society and one that is believed to be needed for a civilization to flow forward. This stability is only reached when individuals are stable and feel that and is why conditioning is such a major factor in this society.Impulse arrested spills over, and the flood is feeling, the flood is passion, the flood is even madness pg.37Here we see that everyone in the society of brave new world is brainwashed and conditioned into thinking what the leaders believe to be correct, there is no uniqueness. The people believe that if they think and act for themselves there are consequences for doing so which is stated above, and the end result will be madness, something no one wants.Shorten that interval, break down all those unnecessary barriersNo pains have been spared to make your lives emotionally easy pg.37Here we see that the people of the brave new world are made to work only short spurts of time so that they do not have to face barriers which can hindered their performance. This therefore means that they are not face up with various emotional problems and can do the particular job that they were assigned to be at the best of their ability.Talking about her as though she were a bit of meat pg.39This is how the men speak of as the women. They are not as important as themselves but of must less significance despite the fact that they are of the same intellectual capabilities. When the men do see a good looking women they would oftentimes pay no respect for the m as just as it states, talk of them like they are meat.Everyone belongs to everyone else, afterwards all pg. 40Through everyone belonging to everyone else, there is no need for marriage, is no need for love or no need for reproduction between the opposite sexes. This allows for the Bokanovskys process to rise and continue to taken over the brave new world. This also means that there will be stability which is essentially what is being wanted in this society and by everyone just as similar as the next and no connection between anyone it can be upheld.Brave New WorldAldous HuxleyChapter 4 QuotesDroning surrender of the well, the twilight of his habitual stupor. It was warm and bright on the roof. The summer afternoon was drowsy with the hum of passing helicopters and the deeper radio-controlled aircraft of the rocket-planes hastening. pg.51Here we see that everything in the brave new world is mechanized and run my machinery. There is no need for humans to do certain jobs includin g reproduction as that has all been allocated to the machines to undergo that process. There is no natural buzz created by humans when working and there is no natural feeling although there is a dull hum of the machinery working consistently of where humans used to.The malice and bad tempers from which other people had to take holidays never afflicted him pg.52In the brave new world there are a specified number of separate social castes and no more. Here we see that there is an unmatched example of Benito who always saw things sunny-side up. It was the nature within him to act of as if everyone deserved a spot chance and that they are all good people at heart. He did not have a bad temper nor would be wish bad things upon other people.To have dealings with members of the lower castes was always, for Bernard, a most distressing experience pg.55Here we see Bernard, of the higher class in the brave new world society, not wanting to deal with lower castes because he had been condition ed in such a way that people underneath with were not as good as him. They were below his dignity and he could not force himself to have any association with those people. It was just the way that the brave new world society operated.The mockery made him feel like an outsider and feeling an outsider he behaved like one, which increased the prejudice against him pg.55/56Here we see how Bernard felt when talking to the various castes including the Gammas and Epsilons. He is tempered as if he does not belong and that his reactions to this is to behave like an alien, alone and an outsider. It was because of the way that he dealt with the problem that the others began to increase their prejudice against him.Brave New WorldAldous HuxleyChapter 5 QuotesAnt like pullulation of lower-caste activity pg.63This is describing the lower-caste population and comparing them to how ants work in universal life. The jobs they did were monotonous unlike Alphas whose jobs were varied and diverse. The lower-caste did jobs that were boring and did not need much intellect to complete them although they enjoyed what they did because of the conditioning process that is in place in the brave new world.Phosphorus recoveryOne their way up the chimney the gases go through four separate treatments. Now they recover over ninety eight percent of it. More than a kg and a half per adult corpse. pg.63Here we see that everything in the brave new world is not wasted even including human bodies after they have died. They have constructed a process which they extract phosphoric out of the decaying human body which is used for other purposes. This shows how different the brave new world is from the everyday world.Everyone works for everyone else. We cant do without anyone pg.64In the brave new world it is operated through everyone doing their job, without any fighting which is or so accomplished with the conditioning program that is compulsory for everyone within the brave new world. Everyone ha d a certain role to play and they must do their duty if progress it to continue into the future.Brave New WorldAldous HuxleyChapter 6 QuotesWhen the individual feels, the community reels pg.81Here we see that Lenina talking about how the individual must realize that they are part of the community and that it is practically all for one and one for all. If the individual does not pull their weight down and contribute evenly to the community then the community will pay the prices. It does not matter if everyone else in the community is performing at their peak, but for the community to actually perform at its optimum, everyone must work.Brave New WorldAldous HuxleyChapter 7 QuotesThe tall houses rose like stepped and amputated pyramids into the blue sky pg.92Here we see that nothing in the brave new world is natural and nobody is individual and unique. Everything is the same and comparison overpowers uniqueness within the society. Everything which has been made has been done so in mass numbers including the houses and the pyramids which have been erected.Cleanliness is next is next to fordliness pg.94In the brave new world, God is not the main figure of power within the world nor is he even recognized as a ruling power. Ford, the man who created the T-model car is the overwhelm leader of the brave new world and has say over all the rules in the society. Nothing is god like, but Ford like, he is the divine leader of this new world.We pass their internal secretions artificially equilibrate at a youthful equilibrium. We dont permit their magnesium-calcium ratio to fall below what it was at thirty. We give them transfusions of young blood. We keep their metabolism for good stimulated pg.95Here we see another process which is taken to keep the brave new world functioning in such a way that it benefits the community. This process of giving everyone transfusions of young blood which not only keeps them feeling young but keeping their metabolism permanently stimu lated allows for everyone to prevent the aging process as well as not growing old.The place was queer, so what the music, so were the clothes and the hoisters and the skin diseases and the old people pg.97Here we see where the brave new world society has not assigned their ways on. It was so different to what people of the brave new world had experienced, everything that was not present in the brave new world including diseases and old people was present and this disgusted those who did not live in these conditions. This is the world that we live in at the present moment.But his plaited hair was straw coloured, his eyes a pale blue, and his skin a white skin, bronzed pg.100This individual was one who had a mix of cross blood and was not one of the natives. This could be identified quite easily through the way his hair was coloured and was worn as well as they colour of his eyes and the colour of his skin. All these branded him as psyche who was not an actual resident and was differ ent to the others.They disliked me for my complexion pg.100Here we see a young man talking to Lenina and he starts to cry because those who touch him thought and treated him like an outsider despite the fact that her tried so very stiff to fit if, even happily get whipped to be accepted. Everyone did not like him for who is was and acted as if he belonged to someone else all because of his skin colour.Linda and he were strangers in the Reservation pg.101Linda and her son came from the Other Place and so feel and were treated like they were not part of the group of the Reservation and that they were foreigners. Not only did they feel like they were not accepted they actually were not.Front teeth were missingso fatflabbiness, the wrinkles. And the sagging cheeks wit those purplish blotches. And under the brown sack-shaped tunic those enormous breasts. pg.102In the brave new world everything is conditioned so that everyone can be kept at the same age and has the same metabolism alth ough in the normal world they is no conditioning or mass production of babies. This is why when they saw this dame who was not beautiful and had many problems Lenina shuddered because she had never seen someone so ugly.But its all different here its like living with lunatics. Everything they do is mad pg.104Here we see that see does not like living in the normal world outside from the brave new world as there is no conditioning and that there is room for improvement and never being happy with what one has. We also see that she is described our everyday lives of where there is no conditioning and that there are lunatics and everything is mad compared to the brave new world.So theyre having children all the time like dogsAnd yet John was a great comfort to meIt wasnt my business to know pg.105He we see that she has a child and in the brave new world they produce children on a mass scale, in a way just like dogs or animals do. Even though she does not like living in the world outside of the brave new world her child provided a lot of comfort and was different compared to that of the everyday world which is conditioned to perfection.

Research Paper on Fun Things Essay

For this assignment, you pull up stakesing compose a ten-page research root on a corking intellect chosen from the attached list. There ar three components to this assignment. The first is that you will write rough the major(ip) thought, psyche, or system of belief for which the heavy(p) creative thinker was known. Secondly, you will write about two or three ways in which the teachings of the great thinker influenced history. Thirdly, you will provide a thoughtful summary of at least one idea touted by the great thinker. You will need to research and decently document eight to ten scholarly founts using the MLA standard for citation. In addition to writing the paper, you will be learning and implementing a way to organize your research and writing. You will receive two grades for this assignment one for the final paper and one for the research and writing prep work. question ComponentResearch is an important skill for college students to learn and implement. When done well, research will help strengthen an argument, prove a point, verify facts, and explain with first-hand knowledge. At its most basic level, research is analyse the works of quicks in either given dramaturgy. For instance, if I want to research heart surgery, I will locate intellectuals in the field of cardiology and read what they say about the heart. In reading their works, which whitethorn consist of published studies, medical ledger articles or medical set asides, or informative medical websites or blogs, I am presuming and appealing to their expert knowledge and skill in an area I know little or nothing about. In short, Im reading and psychoanalyzeing their work in order to learn. For your research paper, you will be appealing to the expert knowledge of a great thinker. You will research articles and/or books that were either compose by the great thinker (we call this a uncreated source) or by someone who examine the great thinker (we call this a petty(a) source). For example, lets say you are studying Jonathan Edwards (great puritan theologian). Were you to read and study his actual sermons, you would be researching a primary source. Were you to read and study what jakes Piper (present day pastor and avid Jonathan Edwards fan) has compose about thetheology of Jonathan Edwards, then you would be conducting alternate research.Both primary and secondary sources are very valuable when writing research papers. Usually primary research is considered to be the most reliable in that it is closest to the original (the idea originator, the eye-witness account, the photograph, etc). A genuine research paper will be able to navigate both types of research and carefully flux it appropriately. For the purposes of this assignment, youll be doing both because youll be concerned with what the great thinker actually taught and that will best be discovered by his or her actual writings, and youll be concerned with how his or her thoughts influenced histor y, which is most likely written by other scholars.In addition to conducting primary and secondary research, youll need to make sure that your sources are consider scholarly that is, your sources come from people who adjudge appropriate expertise in the field of you are studying. This will not be an issue with your primary sources because you will go straight to the source (i.e., youll study the writings or Marx or Lewis), but it will be more of an issue in secondary sources. How to tell if an article or book is considered scholarly or written by an causationitative expert in the field can be tricky, but here are a few rules 1. Does the author have an educational background that would account for the knowledge in the article or book? 2. In the case of articles, is it published in a peer-reviewed journal? 3. Does the article or book offer summary and critique of original sources or just give mere impressions or opinions? Another term I have mentioned in regards to research is MLA c itation (Modern Language Association).MLA is a method of citation that is used mainly in the humanities that indicates the source of your research. Learning MLA citation rules takes time and lots of effort, but it is a necessity part of conducting and writing a well-researched paper. For this assignment, youll need at least eight scholarly sources that may implicate journal articles or books but may NOT include websites. There will be in-class lectures that will teach you where to locate scholarly resources and how to properly keep get over and cite them. As I catch up with it, there are two major avenues of research for this paper the first is research involving the actual ideas of the great thinker. The second is research involving the analysis of the thinkers ideas.Content of Research PaperAs mentioned in the assignment overview, there are two components to this research paper. The first is that you will research the major idea or set of ideas for which the great thinker wa s known. This will be the first discussion section of the research paper and will include a thorough explanation of the great thinkers idea or ideas and he or she came to belief or think in such a way. The second section of the paper will include a discussion on two or three of the major ways the great thinkers ideas influenced history. The third section is where you provide thoughtful analysis about at least one of the great thinkers ideas. This is not, necessarily, an argument, but rather it is an opportunity for you to shit down the idea and comment on it yourself. Although Im more interested in your analysis, it may help to research how others have analyzed and critiqued your great thinkers ideas. In this section you may1. Critique the thinkers idea2. Break down the thinkers ideas and provide supererogatory clarification or implication 3. Show how different scholars have viewed or interpreted the great thinkers ideas and whether agree or disagree 4. Show why the thinkers idea s produced negative or positive effects on society, theology, history, etc. 5. Any combination of the above.Please note that I do not wanting you to write a biography that is, I do not want particular discussion on the great thinkers family history, marriage, hobbies, physical issueance, personal health, friends, etc. unless is it absolutely clever to his or her intellectual contribution.Paper Organization severally of you will be postulated to create an adumbrate for your paper and turn it in as part of the assignment. Additionally, you will be required to keep track of all research and turn in your research notes.Research OrganizationI will require you to keep track of your sources through Microsoft One Note or Word, whichever works best for you. For every source you look at, youll need to record the following reading 1. Source Title- title of the article or book2. Source Location-book, ebook with web address, journal article with web address 3. Source Citation- MLA citation as it would appear in your works cited page 4. What-what info are you using from the source. If it is short, type it here. If it is a chapter or monumental section, write down the major idea or some key words and the necessary information to find it in your source easily (page or section numbers, headings, etc.). 5. Plan- how you plan on using the informationYou will have at least eight records with the above information, although it is much more likely youll have more and may not use all sources in the actual writing of the paper. That is okay. Note grade sure you accurately record information for every source because you wont remember.Grading CriteriaEach paper will be graded on the following1. Accurate, detailed, and thoughtful discussion and analysis of the great thinkers ideas2. Coherent, fluid prose3. Accurate implementation of MLA citation4. Integration of scholarly sources5. Proper adhesion to Standard English grammar and style6. Proper adherence to page length and form atting guidelines