Opposing Totalitarianism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Contradicting Totalitarianism - Essay Example It additionally places independence into question, just as guidelines and standards of profound quality and mankind. In the event that a state wishes to manage open life, at that point definitely, however a private life is only that: private. Every individual is qualified for running and living their lives in the manners that they see fit and ought not host to reply to another get-together with respect to it. Despotism disregards a person’s option to live as they need to. On the off chance that they are under consistent reconnaissance, at that point they can't act in the manners that they feel are proper for them. They are rebuffed in the event that they â€Å"misbehave,† or act in some other manner than the one set somewhere near the state. They should comply with the guidelines that are set for everybody; no one is a special case to what the state chooses, and there is no reason for attempting to prevail upon the state. The strategies used to hold the residents within proper limits are unethical and merciless. Broad communications is controlled for the sole motivation behind controlling the residents. It has since a long time ago been made sense of that individuals are very affected by what they find in the media, and the state utilizes this for their potential benefit. The state likewise screens the media that is made open †certain kinds and mediums are inadmissible in certain territories, and everybody must submit to those desires. This damages opportunity of articulation, just as the right to speak freely of discourse. The equivalent applies to the strategies for limiting free conversation and analysis. Residents are being compelled to stay silent about how they feel. The utilization of fear strategies and mass observation takes things excessively far with regards to monitoring individuals. Endeavors are taken to a totally new level when dangers and consistent observation are tried to watch out for residents. Individuals are terrified into living in manners that most of them need nothing to do with. With observation as steady as it could be, these individuals have next to no opportunity of â€Å"acting out.† The most notable

Sports Drinks Essay Example for Free

Sports Drinks Essay Caffeinated drinks, sports drinks, recuperation drinks†¦call them what you will, their names despite everything recommend that theyre intended for persevering competitors. Nowadays, notwithstanding, it appears that everybody is tipping them back. Yet, who actually needs them? I suggest sports drinks for serious exercise that goes on for over 60 minutes, says Suzanne Farrell, R. D. , an enlisted dietitian and representative for the American Dietetic Association. For anything under 60 minutes, water is fine. That is on the grounds that you dont need a 200-calorie eruption of refreshment for a short spell on the treadmill (recall, taking in a larger number of calories than you consume will in the long run lead to weight gain), and your body isnt drained of the electrolytes these beverages are intended to rapidly supplant. In the event that your routine regularly falls into the extraordinary exercise for over an hour class, and youre looking for a games drink, make certain to peruse the sustenance mark. Ensure your games drink contains potassium and sodiumâ€the electrolytes your body works out. What's more, you can skirt the nutrient improved beverages. As indicated by Farrell, you ought to get your nutrients and supplements from food; sports drinks make a poor substitute. Furthermore, at long last, study your decisions. Sports drinks are stylish and, accordingly, loads of optionsâ€and impostersâ€have sprung up. Ensure youre devouring a beverage intended to accommodate your exercise levelâ€without extreme calories. Also, be careful with caffeinated drinks loaded up with only sugar and caffeineâ€Red Bull, Full Throttle, Mountain Dew AMP and so forth shouldnt be mistaken for sports drinks.

How To Use The Hook Model For Building Great Products

How To Use The Hook Model For Building Great Products WHAT MAKES A GREAT PRODUCT?A good product is something that customers would like to buy while a great product is something that will convince them to buy and keep and, most likely, buy again. But what defines a great product? What are the characteristics that will make a product worth the attention (and money) of the market?The product should deliver value. This means that the product should have a positive impact on a person’s life. A new kitchen appliance should make the cooking process quicker. A new mobile phone should have features that would make communication easier. It has to have features and functionality that will make one’s life better.It satisfies a great need. Put yourself in the shoes of your customers and build something that you would want to use. The product should be able to deliver on a specific value proposition. It has a clear purpose or function.Not only does it meet expectations, it exceeds them. By this time, you are aware of what your customers need. How ever, do not stop there. Go the extra mile and improve the buyers’ experience. The best way to go about this is to have value-added services or activities to enhance the buyer experience. For example, adding a round-the-clock customer service hotline where buyers can have their concerns looked into immediately will definitely boost the product you are selling.It should be better than what everyone else is offering. There is no point in coming up with a product that delivers less than what dozens of other businesses sell, is there? As much as possible, the product developed should be just as good as, or even better than, what the competition is offering.The product should be simple and user-friendly. Customers are likely to be turned off by products that confuse them. Who wants to pay for something that complicates things? The product should be simple and intuitive, and make things better. A housewife will not spend money on a new kitchen appliance when it will only complicate food preparation, just as a carpenter will not purchase tools that will double the time he takes to perform his tasks.It should evoke an emotional response. Customers tend to form a deeper attachment to a product if it is able to stir emotion in them. A brand new car, for instance, will resonate more with customers if it is able to make them feel like they are “driving ahead of the world”. Marketing strategies and advertising programs will have to be made creatively to accomplish this.It should be habit-forming. In short, the product should be able to engage a customer’s interest and keep them coming back for more. Longevity, or keeping the products in the minds of customers for a long time, is not enough. Building loyalty is even more important, and that can happen if the product is so great that the customers are seemingly unable to control the impulse to use it.Keep in mind that it is the customers that decide whether a product is a hit or a miss. It is up to the business to co me up with a product that will easily convince the customers to decide that it is, indeed, a great product.THE HOOK MODELHow will you go about building a great product? One model that you can follow is the Hook Model.The Hook Model, which was developed by Nir Eyal, is essentially about getting the customers “hooked” such that they have developed an attachment to certain products. In his book entitled “Hooked: How To Build Habit-Forming Products”, he talks about how companies seemingly control users’ minds and come up with products that are habit-forming.There are four phases in this cycle: the Trigger, the Action, the Variable Reward, and the Investment.Phase 1: The TriggerYou need something that will light up that spark of interest. It can be likened to an “itch” that has to be scratched. These are the triggers, and they come in two forms: external and internal. The most common external triggers include people, places, situations, and routines. When we talk about inte rnal triggers, these involve, more often than not, emotions or feelings.It starts with an external trigger that initially catches the attention of the customers. For example, while browsing through Pinterest, a young lady sees a pinned photograph of a model wearing a pair of sexy stiletto heels from a famous shoe designer. She just got engaged and is starting to plan her wedding. Shopping for a wedding dress and matching shoes is definitely in order, and the name of that designer has been in her radar. Her internal triggers have been activated: she does not want to look shabby or ordinary on her wedding day.The internal trigger is probably what most businesses find difficult to identify. In the case of a newspaper company, the internal trigger is the fear users have of not being in the loop, or not knowing the current events happening around the country and the world.Phase 2: The ActionThis stage focuses on what the customer will do in response to the trigger. The bride-to-be sees t he photograph on her Pinterest feed; if she closes the browser, the cycle is interrupted, and there was no habit formed. If she, however, clicks on the photograph that will direct her to the website where the pinned photograph is, this is the Action.In order to increase the likelihood that the customer takes action, the action should be:Easy to do or perform; andPsychologically motivating.In other words, there has to be an ability on the part of the customer to perform the action (and the product should have been designed to make performance of the action easy) and there also has to be motivation or energy for action.In the example, the action only entails clicking on the photo, and the photo is appealing and eye-catching enough to want to make her want to find out more. Once she clicks the photograph and is directed to the website, she is presented with a selection of gorgeous pairs of shoes. She feels like she just hit the jackpot. In this case, the motivation was most probably th e fear of missing out on seeing products that she might want to use for her wedding.Action is performed in anticipation of the next phase, which is the Reward.Phase 3: The Variable RewardWhen we talk of “variable reward”, it is that which gives the user what he or she came for, but still leaving him or her wanting more.This is where the Hook Model truly becomes a “hook”. It should develop a loop and engender a craving in the customer. To accomplish this, businesses make use of variable rewards in order to lure in customers and users.This phase focuses on one thing: anticipation. The product provider will then take steps in order to hype things up â€" “up the ante”, so to speak.If the bride to be clicked on the photograph and is directed to a marketplace website containing only a limited selection of shoes similar to the photo she just clicked, it will not be enough to make her more invested in browsing.But if, once she clicked and realized that there are more than shoes on the online marketplace, such as clothes and swimwear that would be perfect for a bridal trousseau and honeymoon trip, she will end up spending more than an hour browsing through the products. The next time she needs something related to her upcoming wedding, her instinct would be to check Pinterest or go directly to the online marketplace.Another scenario would be that the website will only offer limited editions of exclusive designs. This will definitely be seen as a reward because not everyone will be able to score those shoes.Phase 4: InvestmentThis is when the customer finally decides to invest something on the product or service. This could be time (regularly checking in on the website), money (making a purchase from the online marketplace), data (submitting product reviews on the online marketplace), or social capital (sharing about the website to friends or on various social networks she belongs in).More than about spending money, the investment phase is about an action th at will potentially improve the service for the next run through the cycle. In short, users invests something on the product not because of immediate gratification, but because they expect to benefit from it in the present and well into the future.In the case of the bride-to-be, sharing about the online marketplace could mean inviting other friends also to check it out. The referrals can earn her points that will definitely improve her experience the next time she uses the service again. On Pinterest, she may also create her boards, and the act of setting up her board, while pinning and re-pinning other boards, is already considered a form of investment.Fortunately for businesses, product developers and marketers everywhere, humans are naturally inclined to be curious and pursue answers once their interest has been piqued. Once they have been hooked, they would want to know more. They can play on this natural response and employ the Hook Model to reel the potential customers into bu ying their products.USING THE HOOK MODEL FOR BUILDING GREAT PRODUCTS The market is filled with so many products, but not all of them are considered to be great, or even halfway good. Every day, new products are being introduced, but only a handful of them succeed. Some become huge hits in the market, stirring up great demands and bringing in high revenues. Unfortunately, many fall in the wayside, are generally ignored by customers and end up not making any money.This happens for a number of reasons. It could be that the product was not viable to begin with, or the market simply was not interested in it. It is also possible that it was the wrong time to introduce the product because the economy may not be in a good situation, or the competition may be a little fierce at that time.It is also possible that the market has the high demand for a product, but it still fails to succeed. One reason why this happens is because the business may have failed to make or build a great product. In this article, we will learn 1) what makes a great product, 2) what the Hook model is, and 3) how to use the Hook model for building great products.WHAT MAKES A GREAT PRODUCT?A good product is something that customers would like to buy while a great product is something that will convince them to buy and keep and, most likely, buy again. But what defines a great product? What are the characteristics that will make a product worth the attention (and money) of the market?The product should deliver value. This means that the product should have a positive impact on a person’s life. A new kitchen appliance should make the cooking process quicker. A new mobile phone should have features that would make communication easier. It has to have features and functionality that will make one’s life better.It satisfies a great need. Put yourself in the shoes of your customers and build something that you would want to use. The product should be able to deliver on a specific value proposition . It has a clear purpose or function.Not only does it meet expectations, it exceeds them. By this time, you are aware of what your customers need. However, do not stop there. Go the extra mile and improve the buyers’ experience. The best way to go about this is to have value-added services or activities to enhance the buyer experience. For example, adding a round-the-clock customer service hotline where buyers can have their concerns looked into immediately will definitely boost the product you are selling.It should be better than what everyone else is offering. There is no point in coming up with a product that delivers less than what dozens of other businesses sell, is there? As much as possible, the product developed should be just as good as, or even better than, what the competition is offering.The product should be simple and user-friendly. Customers are likely to be turned off by products that confuse them. Who wants to pay for something that complicates things? The product should be simple and intuitive, and make things better. A housewife will not spend money on a new kitchen appliance when it will only complicate food preparation, just as a carpenter will not purchase tools that will double the time he takes to perform his tasks.It should evoke an emotional response. Customers tend to form a deeper attachment to a product if it is able to stir emotion in them. A brand new car, for instance, will resonate more with customers if it is able to make them feel like they are “driving ahead of the world”. Marketing strategies and advertising programs will have to be made creatively to accomplish this.It should be habit-forming. In short, the product should be able to engage a customer’s interest and keep them coming back for more. Longevity, or keeping the products in the minds of customers for a long time, is not enough. Building loyalty is even more important, and that can happen if the product is so great that the customers are seemingly unable t o control the impulse to use it.Keep in mind that it is the customers that decide whether a product is a hit or a miss. It is up to the business to come up with a product that will easily convince the customers to decide that it is, indeed, a great product.THE HOOK MODELHow will you go about building a great product? One model that you can follow is the Hook Model.The Hook Model, which was developed by Nir Eyal, is essentially about getting the customers “hooked” such that they have developed an attachment to certain products. In his book entitled “Hooked: How To Build Habit-Forming Products”, he talks about how companies seemingly control users’ minds and come up with products that are habit-forming.There are four phases in this cycle: the Trigger, the Action, the Variable Reward, and the Investment.Phase 1: The TriggerYou need something that will light up that spark of interest. It can be likened to an “itch” that has to be scratched. These are the triggers, and they come in two forms: external and internal. The most common external triggers include people, places, situations, and routines. When we talk about internal triggers, these involve, more often than not, emotions or feelings.It starts with an external trigger that initially catches the attention of the customers. For example, while browsing through Pinterest, a young lady sees a pinned photograph of a model wearing a pair of sexy stiletto heels from a famous shoe designer. She just got engaged and is starting to plan her wedding. Shopping for a wedding dress and matching shoes is definitely in order, and the name of that designer has been in her radar. Her internal triggers have been activated: she does not want to look shabby or ordinary on her wedding day.The internal trigger is probably what most businesses find difficult to identify. In the case of a newspaper company, the internal trigger is the fear users have of not being in the loop, or not knowing the current events happening around the country and the world.Phase 2: The ActionThis stage focuses on what the customer will do in response to the trigger. The bride-to-be sees the photograph on her Pinterest feed; if she closes the browser, the cycle is interrupted, and there was no habit formed. If she, however, clicks on the photograph that will direct her to the website where the pinned photograph is, this is the Action.In order to increase the likelihood that the customer takes action, the action should be:Easy to do or perform; andPsychologically motivating.In other words, there has to be an ability on the part of the customer to perform the action (and the product should have been designed to make performance of the action easy) and there also has to be motivation or energy for action.In the example, the action only entails clicking on the photo, and the photo is appealing and eye-catching enough to want to make her want to find out more. Once she clicks the photograph and is directed to the website, sh e is presented with a selection of gorgeous pairs of shoes. She feels like she just hit the jackpot. In this case, the motivation was most probably the fear of missing out on seeing products that she might want to use for her wedding.Action is performed in anticipation of the next phase, which is the Reward.Phase 3: The Variable RewardWhen we talk of “variable reward”, it is that which gives the user what he or she came for, but still leaving him or her wanting more.This is where the Hook Model truly becomes a “hook”. It should develop a loop and engender a craving in the customer. To accomplish this, businesses make use of variable rewards in order to lure in customers and users.This phase focuses on one thing: anticipation. The product provider will then take steps in order to hype things up â€" “up the ante”, so to speak.If the bride to be clicked on the photograph and is directed to a marketplace website containing only a limited selection of shoes similar to the pho to she just clicked, it will not be enough to make her more invested in browsing.But if, once she clicked and realized that there are more than shoes on the online marketplace, such as clothes and swimwear that would be perfect for a bridal trousseau and honeymoon trip, she will end up spending more than an hour browsing through the products. The next time she needs something related to her upcoming wedding, her instinct would be to check Pinterest or go directly to the online marketplace.Another scenario would be that the website will only offer limited editions of exclusive designs. This will definitely be seen as a reward because not everyone will be able to score those shoes.Phase 4: InvestmentThis is when the customer finally decides to invest something on the product or service. This could be time (regularly checking in on the website), money (making a purchase from the online marketplace), data (submitting product reviews on the online marketplace), or social capital (sharing about the website to friends or on various social networks she belongs in).More than about spending money, the investment phase is about an action that will potentially improve the service for the next run through the cycle. In short, users invests something on the product not because of immediate gratification, but because they expect to benefit from it in the present and well into the future.In the case of the bride-to-be, sharing about the online marketplace could mean inviting other friends also to check it out. The referrals can earn her points that will definitely improve her experience the next time she uses the service again. On Pinterest, she may also create her boards, and the act of setting up her board, while pinning and re-pinning other boards, is already considered a form of investment.Fortunately for businesses, product developers and marketers everywhere, humans are naturally inclined to be curious and pursue answers once their interest has been piqued. Once they ha ve been hooked, they would want to know more. They can play on this natural response and employ the Hook Model to reel the potential customers into buying their products.USING THE HOOK MODEL FOR BUILDING GREAT PRODUCTSTurning regular products into habit-forming products may seem like a daunting thought, but it can be done, and the Hook Model is one way of doing so. Granted, there are products and business models that do not really require the formation of habits. More often than not, though, they are.Essentially, by using the Hook Model, you will be creating a strong wanting, desire or craving in your customers, such that they will come to notice your product, invest in it, develop an attachment, and keep coming back to it. To a certain extent, it may be said as “manipulating your customers’ perception”, which can swing both ways. However, it is not really manipulation if you are able to deliver on each one of your product’s selling propositions, is it?Illustrations of the H ook Model are often used on products such as online communities and websites, apps and gadgets. However, the concepts also apply to offline products.If you plan to use the Hook Model in order to establish a firm foothold for your product or service, take note of the following:Employ both external and internal triggers, and make sure they are aligned. Some businesses make use of external triggers such as e-mails, online advertisements, apps, discussions, connections, sharing content, and even tweets. In order to fully utilize internal triggers, you have to find out what people (your target customers) are already trying to do, and just make it easier for them.In the example of the online marketplace earlier, the external trigger was the photo on Pinterest. It could just as easily have been an online ad appearing on her Facebook newsfeed, or a comment on a post on wedding dresses and shoes in a bridal-themed blog. Knowing that prospective brides will be checking in at the site, they al so started offering other bridal-themed items, making it easier for their target customers to get everything that they need in one place.When employing these triggers, make sure they are aligned. They must complement each other, and be engaging or catchy enough to encourage them to answer a call to action.Make it easy for users to take action. In the example used previously in the discussion, the action involved a single click on the photograph and a series of simple clicks that will lead to the online marketplace. There really is nothing complicated about it. Customers will be turned off when they have to jump through hoops in order to get the information that they want.The online marketplace should put great attention in designing a user-friendly interface for its website. Remove barriers and put in place mechanisms that are simple enough but still encourage users to take action.Offer incentives, and they must be fulfilling.This is to motivate users or customers to invest data, ef fort, social capital, or money in your product. What additional perks will they get if they stick around on the website? What are the rewards that they are likely to get if they invest money? If they send in reviews? If they refer friends and family to the website? Add to their buying experience to keep them coming back for more.When designing the rewards, make sure they are “rewarding”, in every sense of the word. According to Nir Eyal, the most frequently overlooked phase of the Hook Model is the Investment phase. Companies successfully come up with triggers that eventually motivate users to take action and check out their products. They even manage to get these users to spend their money on these products. However, after that, the users are sent on their way. The companies fail to “re-engage” the customers after they have already taken the money.One way to re-engage the customers is to find ways that will encourage the customers to check back in again.Putting the Hook Mod el to good use means that the business is able to keep its customers interested or engaged in its products or services. If the business makes an effort to get a full understanding of habit-formation, the chances of it being able to build and offer great products are definitely higher. They are also able to establish more competitive advantage since they have greater chances of building up a loyal customer base.[slideshare id=16424773doc=hookedatinteraction13copy-130208101638-phpapp02w=710h=500]

A Traditional 12 Step Aa Meeting - 1879 Words

I went to a traditional 12 step AA meeting. It was a long timers group, which had individuals who have been attending AA for a while now and those who have been sober for at least 10 years or more. It was at Mt. Calvary Lutheran Church, located in Johnstown, Pa. The meeting was from 7:30pm to 8:30pm. They started off the meeting by reading the preamble. The preamble, which was found and quoted from the District 41- Alcoholics Anonymous, Johnstown, Pa website (2015), â€Å"Alcoholics Anonymous is a fellowship of men and women who share their experience, strength and hope with each other that they may solve their common problem and help others to recover from alcoholism. The only requirement for membership is a desire to stop drinking. There are no dues or fees for AA membership; we are self-supporting through our own contributions. AA is not allied with any sect, denomination, politics, organization or institution; does not wish to engage in any controversy; neither endorses nor op poses any causes. Our primary purpose is to stay sober and help other alcoholics to achieve sobriety.† After the preamble they had one of the attendees of the group read the 12 steps. The group was composed of both white and African American men and women. The majority of those who were in attendance were males and they were white. A lot of their stories were that they were so depressed that they didn’t know what to do with themselves and that they felt like their lives were falling apartShow MoreRelatedSelf Help For Individuals With Co Occurring Mental Health And Substance Use Disorders1601 Words   |  7 Pagestherapy) as well as self-help groups such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and Narcotics Anonymous (NA). 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Your final exam is on Wednesday, September 12, 2012; You will have from 8:15AM to 9:45AM to complete the final exam. There are no make up dates for the final exam. From Chapter 1: 1. According to Shavelson (2001), author of Hooked, which three words define harm reduction? A. any positive change

Al Ghazali On God s Attributes Essay - 2170 Words

AL-GHAZALI ON GOD’S ATTRIBUTES Al- Ghazali on God’s Attributes God’s divine attributes has been a field that has been studied for a very long time by different religions. Muslim, Jewish and Christian philosophers and theologians have been on the forefront with all efforts aimed at coming to an agreement. Apart from arguments based on the scriptural description of God, there has been a need to understand the divinity and also the nature of the attributes. Philosophers and theologians experienced difficulties on the affirmation of some of the attributes, for example, the divine oneness of God. This also includes arguments that His oneness is simple and cannot be divisible under any aspect. The philosophers also had arguments on God’s eternity and perfection, which had support from the scriptures. Any religious discussion about God brought about several of His attributes such as omnipotence, eternity, omniscience, among others. There is also an issue of anthropomorphism, where God is described as having feelings towards particular subjects. This among other factors raises questions as to whether an assimilation of God to human beings is being made. It became difficult for philosophers and theologians to explain any kind of resemblance between God and human beings without distorting the divinity. This resulted to several more questions, which led to disagreements between theologians and philosophers in the medieval period. A distinction between the three planesShow MoreRelatedIslam s Impact On Modern Day2125 Words   |  9 Pagesbetter) Islam. During the 5th Islamic century, Imam Al Ghazali became one of the most influential thinkers in the history of Islam. Born in Persia, Al- Ghazali lost the shadow of his father early in his life, as at a young age his father had passed away. Al Ghazali’s fathers’ desire had always been for his sons to become scholars and pious people, therefore he had lef t them in the hands of close friend that took responsibility of teaching them. Ghazali underwent many years of education from several differentRead MoreUnderstanding Islam and Muslims Essay2071 Words   |  9 Pagesanswered through research and a visit to the Islamic Center of the Inland Empire. This paper will cover the history of the religion, the history of Al-Masjid al-Ha ram or â€Å"The Holy Mosque, the art, the religious meeting, and personal views of a religious leader. Islam, like Judaism and Christianity, is a monotheistic religion based on the belief in one God. There are two main divisions in the Islam religion, they are Sunni and Shi’a. The separation of the two major divisions of Islam were caused byRead MoreFreedom of Speech, Comparing Freedom of Expression in the Statutory Law and the Sharia Law19992 Words   |  80 Pagesamong Muslims and many of non-Muslims that the Holy Qur’an in the hands of people is the real book revealed by Allah (SWT) to his Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) fourteen centuries ago. The same is the 100% authenticity of certain books of Hadith, i.e. Saheeh Al-Bukhari and Saheeh Muslim. Sunnah is included in the Hadith books. Definition of the Holy Qur’an Nooriddin Antar says: â€Å"Qur’an is the Speech of Allah (SWT) which was descended to His Prophet Mohammad (PBUH), written in the Mos’haf, reported fromRead MoreImportance of Education Knowledge in Islam10950 Words   |  44 Pages The text of the Quran is filled with verses inviting man to use his intellect (mind, intelligence), to ponder (think deeply), to think and to know. To Muslims, the goal of human life is to discover the Truth which is none other than worshiping God in His Oneness. The Hadith literature is also full of references to the importance of knowledge. Seek knowledge from the cradle to the grave, and Verily (truly) the men of knowledge are the inheritors of the prophets, and Seek knowledge, evenRead MoreThe Influence of Human Capital on Company Performance: a Preliminary Study of Telekom Malaysia10856 Words   |  44 Pagesshare of the fixed telecommunication services, 39% of the mobile services and 54% of the internet customers in Malaysia custo mers (Malaysian Communication Multimedia Commission, 2004) has to maximize the utilisation ofTelekom Malaysia s resources, especially it s intellectual capital. As a former government department, Telekom Malaysia has inherited the 28,000 employees, all the systems, technologies, business network and customers of Jabatan Telekom Malaysia. In 1996, the value of the human capital

Warm Bodies Chapter 2 Free Essays

After delivering our abundant harvest of leftover flesh to the non-hunters – the Boneys, the children, the stay-at-home moms – I take Julie to my house. My fellow Dead give me curious looks as I pass. Because it requires both volition and restraint, the act of intentionally converting the Living is almost never performed. We will write a custom essay sample on Warm Bodies Chapter 2 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Most conversions happen by accident: a feeding zombie is killed or otherwise distracted before finishing his business, voro interruptus. The rest of our converts arise from traditional deaths, private affairs of illness or mishap or classical Living-on-Living violence that take place outside our sphere of interest. So the fact that I have purposely brought this girl home unconsumed is a thing of mystery, a miracle on a par with giving birth. M and the others allow me plenty of room in the halls, regarding me with confusion and wonder. If they knew the full truth of what I’m doing, their reactions would be . . . less moderate. Gripping Julie’s hand, I hurry her away from their probing eyes. I lead her to Gate 12, down the boarding tunnel and into my home: a 747 commercial jet. It’s not very spacious, the floor plan is impractical, but it’s the most isolated place in the airport and I enjoy the privacy. Sometimes it even tickles my numb memory. Looking at my clothes, I seem like the kind of person who probably travelled a lot. Sometimes when I ‘sleep’ here, I feel the faint rising sensation of flight, the blasts of recycled air blowing in my face, the soggy nausea of packaged sandwiches. And then the fresh lemon zing of poisson in Paris. The burn of tajine in Morocco. Are these places all gone now? Silent streets, cafes full of dusty skeletons? Julie and I stand in the centre aisle, looking at each other. I point to a window seat and raise my eyebrows. Keeping her eyes solidly on me, she backs into the row and sits down. Her hands grip the armrests like the plane is in a flaming death dive. I sit in the aisle seat and release an involuntary wheeze, looking straight ahead at my stacks of memorabilia. Every time I go into the city, I bring back one thing that catches my eye. A puzzle. A shot glass. A Barbie. A dildo. Flowers. Magazines. Books. I bring them here to my home, strew them around the seats and aisles, and stare at them for hours. The piles reach to the ceiling now. M keeps asking me why I do this. I have no answer. ‘Not . . . eat,’ I groan at Julie, looking her in the eyes. ‘I . . . won’t eat.’ She stares at me. Her lips are tight and pale. I point at her. I open my mouth and point at my crooked, bloodstained teeth. I shake my head. She presses herself against the window. A terrified whimper rises in her throat. This is not working. ‘Safe,’ I tell her, letting out a sigh. ‘Keep . . . you safe.’ I stand up and go to my record player. I dig through my LP collection in the overhead compartments and pull out an album. I take the headphones back to my seat and place them on Julie’s ears. She is still frozen, wide-eyed. The record plays. It’s Frank Sinatra. I can hear it faintly through the phones, like a distant eulogy drifting on autumn air. Last night . . . when we were young . . . I close my eyes and hunch forward. My head sways vaguely in time with the music as verses float through the jet cabin, blending together in my ears. Life was so new . . . so real, so right . . . ‘Safe,’ I mumble. ‘Keep you . . . safe.’ . . . ages ago . . . last night . . . When my eyes finally open, Julie’s face has changed. The terror has faded, and she regards me with disbelief. ‘What are you?’ she whispers. I turn my face away. I stand and duck out of the plane. Her bewildered gaze follows me down the tunnel. In the airport parking garage, there is a classic Mercedes convertible that I’ve been playing with for several months. After weeks of staring at it, I figured out how to fill its tank from a barrel of stabilised gasoline I found in the service rooms. Then I remembered how to turn the key and start it, after pushing its owner’s dry corpse to the pavement. But I have no idea how to drive. The best I’ve been able to do is back out of the parking spot and ram into a nearby Hummer. Sometimes I just sit there with the engine purring, my hands resting limply on the wheel, willing a true memory to pop into my head. Not another hazy impression or vague awareness cribbed from the collective subconscious. Something specific, bright and vivid. Something unmistakably mine. I strain myself, trying to wrench it out of the blackness. I meet M later that evening at his home in the women’s bathroom. He is sitting in front of a TV plugged into a long extension cord, gaping at a late-night soft-core movie he found in some dead man’s luggage. I don’t know why he does this. Erotica is meaningless for us now. The blood doesn’t pump, the passion doesn’t surge. I’ve walked in on M with his ‘girlfriends’ before, and they’re just standing there naked, staring at each other, sometimes rubbing their bodies together but looking tired and lost. Maybe it’s a kind of death throe. A distant echo of that great motivator that once started wars and inspired symphonies, that drove human history out of the caves and into space. M may be holding on, but those days are over now. Sex, once a law as undisputed as gravity, has been disproved. The equation is erased, the blackboard broken. Sometimes it’s a relief. I remember the need, the insatiable hunger that ruled my life and the lives of everyone around me. Sometimes I’m glad to be free of it. There’s less trouble now. But our loss of this, the most basic of all human passions, might sum up our loss of everything else. It’s made things quieter. Simpler. And it’s one of the surest signs that we’re dead. I watch M from the doorway. He sits on the little metal folding chair with his hands between his knees like a schoolboy facing the principal. There are times when I can almost glimpse the person he once was under all that rotting flesh, and it prickles my heart. ‘Did . . . bring it?’ he asks, without looking away from the TV. I hold up what I’ve been carrying. A human brain, fresh from today’s hunting trip, no longer warm but still pink and buzzing with life. We sit against the tiles of the bathroom wall with our legs sprawled out in front of us, passing the brain back and forth, taking small, leisurely bites and enjoying brief flashes of human experience. ‘Good . . . shit,’ M wheezes. The brain contains the life of some young military grunt from the city. His existence isn’t particularly interesting to me, just endless repetitions of training, eating and mowing down zombies, but M seems to like it. His tastes are a little less demanding than mine. I watch his mouth form silent words. I watch his face shuffle through emotions. Anger, fear, joy, lust. It’s like watching a dreaming dog kick and whimper, but far more heartbreaking. When he wakes up, this will all disappear. He will be empty again. He will be dead. After an hour or two, we are down to one small gobbet of pink tissue. M pops it in his mouth and his pupils dilate as he has his visions. The brain is gone, but I’m not satisfied. I reach furtively into my pocket and pull out a fist-sized chunk that I’ve been saving. This one is different, though. This one is special. I tear off a bite, and chew. I am Perry Kelvin, a sixteen-year-old boy, watching my girlfriend write in her journal. The black leather cover is tattered and worn, the inside a maze of scribbles, drawings, little notes and quotes. I am sitting on the couch with a salvaged first edition of On the Road, longing to live in any era but this one, and she is curled in my lap, penning furiously. I poke my head over her shoulder, trying to get a glimpse. She pulls the journal away and gives me a coy smile. ‘No,’ she says, and returns her attention to her work. ‘What are you writing about?’ ‘Nooot tellinnng.’ ‘Journal or poetry?’ ‘Both, silly.’ ‘Am I in it?’ She chuckles. I lace my arms around her shoulders. She burrows into me a little deeper. I bury my face in her hair and kiss the back of her head. The spicy smell of her shampoo – M is looking at me. ‘You . . . have more?’ he grunts. He holds out his hand for me to pass it. But I don’t pass it. I take another bite and close my eyes. ‘Perry,’ Julie says. ‘Yeah.’ We are at our secret spot on the Stadium roof. We lie on our backs on a red blanket on the white steel panels, squinting up at the blinding blue sky. ‘I miss airplanes,’ she says. I nod. ‘Me too.’ ‘Not flying in them. I never got to do that anyway with Dad the way he is. I just miss airplanes. That muffled thunder in the distance, those white lines . . . the way they sliced across the sky and made designs in the blue? My mom used to say it looked like Etch A Sketch. It was so beautiful.’ I smile at the thought. She’s right. Airplanes were beautiful. So were fireworks. Flowers. Concerts. Kites. All the indulgences we can no longer afford. ‘I like how you remember things,’ I say. She looks at me. ‘Well, we have to. We have to remember everything. If we don’t, by the time we grow up it’ll be gone for ever.’ I close my eyes and let the scorching light blaze red through my lids. I let it saturate my brain. I turn my head and kiss Julie. We make love there on the blanket on the Stadium roof, four hundred feet above the ground. The sun stands guard over us like a kind-hearted chaperone, smiling silently. ‘Hey!’ My eyes snap open. M is glaring at me. He makes a grab for the piece of brain in my hand and I yank it away. ‘No,’ I growl. I suppose M is my friend, but I would rather kill him than let him taste this. The thought of his filthy fingers poking and fondling these memories makes me want to rip his chest open and squish his heart in my hands, stomp his brain till he stops existing. This is mine. M looks at me. He sees the warning flare in my eyes, hears the rising air-raid klaxon. He drops his hand away. He stares at me for a moment, annoyed and confused. ‘Bo . . . gart,’ he mutters, and locks himself in a toilet stall. I leave the bathroom with abnormally purposeful strides. I slip in through the door of the 747 and stand there in the faint oval of light. Julie is lying back in a reclined seat, snoring gently. I knock on the side of the fuselage and she bolts upright, instantly awake. She watches me warily as I approach her. My eyes are burning again. I grab her messenger bag off the floor and dig through it. I find her wallet, and then I find a photo. A portrait of a young man. I hold the photo up to her eyes. ‘I’m . . . sorry,’ I say hoarsely. She looks at me, stone-faced. I point at my mouth. I clutch my stomach. I point at her mouth. I touch her stomach. Then I point out the window, at the cloudless black sky of merciless stars. It’s the weakest defence for murder ever offered, but it’s all I have. I clench my jaw and squint my eyes, trying to ease their dry sting. Julie’s lower lip is tensed. Her eyes are red and wet. ‘Which one of you did it?’ she says in a voice on the verge of breaking. ‘Was it that big one? That fat fuck that almost got me?’ I stare at her for a moment, not grasping her questions. And then it hits me, and my eyes go wide. She doesn’t know it was me. The room was dark and I came from behind. She didn’t see it. She doesn’t know. Her penetrating eyes address me like a creature worthy of address, unaware that I recently killed her lover, ate his life and digested his soul, and am right now carrying a prime cut of his brain in the front pocket of my slacks. I can feel it burning there like a coal of guilt, and I reflexively back away from her, unable to comprehend this curdled mercy. ‘Why me?’ she demands, blinking an angry tear out of her eye. ‘Why did you save me?’ She twists her back to me and curls up on the chair, wrapping her arms around her shoulders. ‘Out of everyone . . .’ she mumbles into the cushion. ‘Why me.’ These are her first questions. Not the ones urgent for her own well-being, not the mystery of how I know her name or the terrifying prospect of what my plans for her might be; she doesn’t rush to satisfy those hungers. Her first questions are for others. For her friends, for her lover, wondering why she couldn’t take their place. I am the lowest thing. I am the bottom of the universe. I drop the photo onto the seat and look at the floor. ‘I’m . . . sorry,’ I say again, and leave the plane. When I emerge from the boarding tunnel, there are several Dead grouped near the doorway. They watch me without expressions. We stand there in silence, still as statues. Then I brush past them and wander off into the dark halls. How to cite Warm Bodies Chapter 2, Essay examples

Polyphonic Case free essay sample

The following are the reasons: 1 . Polyphonic can provide more demonstrable value to the record Labels. Since the record companies, because of their hefty Investments, have the most to lose If an album or a song does not catches the publics fancy, they are more focused on economic returns than artists and producers. Also, record companies have the financial resources to Invest In Hit Song Science (HAS). 2. Record companies can use the HAS to decide which single to release first. The marketing expense for releasing a single for an unknown artist is a huge $30,000. So record companies can use HAS to identify which song out of an album has the best chance to become a hit. 3. Most of the record companies use gut instinct or expensive internet polling, call-out research, focus-group research to forecast sales. Still, the success rate is Just 10% because this method is not sure-shot. Using HAS will allow labels to eliminate such costs and have a more-definitive method for identifying hits. We will write a custom essay sample on Polyphonic Case or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page B. Since Polyphonic has limited budget ($150,000) but Is catering to record abeles, much smaller In number in comparison to unsigned artists and producers, It can do a lot more In promotion. It can look to give Information In a simpler manner, through websites, to simplify science utility In music to convince skeptics. It can offer free trials for the first 6 months to a few record labels and If Its claim of 80% accuracy is true, that record label will benefit drastically and the word of HAS utility will spread. Also, it should initially price HAS much lower than $3000 of of internet polling rice but increase as it gains mileage NAS 2.Record companies stand to gain more from this technology NAS 3. The success rate of a single becoming a hit without HAS is 10%. The medium estimate of expected values (taking the conservative, safe approach) of a single reaching top 40 Is: $200,000 and a single not reaching the top 40 is: $10,000. So expected value without using NOW, the success rate of a single becoming a hit with HAS Is 80%.

Critical Thinking Paper Executive Compensation

Introduction In recent years, management scholars, policy makers, and mainstream media commentators have debated over the high levels of executive compensation, inquiring whether they are consistent with other important variables such as shareholder interests, firm performance, national and international economic projections, and employee pay (Gong 1; Moriarty 235).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Thinking Paper: Executive Compensation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although most advocates of the high levels of executive compensation, especially for CEOs, argue that the suitability of compensation is determined through the market process of wage negotiation rather than a simple process of introspection (Kaplan 5; Kolb 679), it is the interest of this paper to demonstrate that CEOs are grossly overpaid despite the incapacity of many to deliver long-term results for the organisation. Issue The problem is that CEOs are grossly overpaid as an incentive to deliver long-term results for the organisation, yet available literature demonstrates that the current compensation practices for CEOs in many countries globally only motivate them to maximise short-term profits at the expense of long-term benefit (Gong 2), hence the need for governments to implement regulations to limit executive compensation. Recent statistics demonstrate that â€Å"in 2006, the median total compensation of the top U.S. CEOs was $10.1 million. This is 314 times the $32,142 earned by the median full-time private industry worker in the U.S. in 2006† (Moriarty 235). Yet, despite the high compensation packages for CEOs, majority of the executives are unable to maximise the value of the firms’ revenues while minimising costs (Kolb 679-680). Competing Claims While many scholars have argued against the high compensation practices for CEOs, a substantial number argue that executives are rightly remunerated s ince pay for the typical CEO is to a large extent driven by existing market forces. Jeffrey Moriarty, cited extensively in executive pay literature, projects a valid argument that CEOs must respect their fiduciary duties, and therefore must be morally obligated â€Å"to reject excessive compensation from the firms they lead, even when such compensation is the outcome of an entirely arm’s length negotiation† (Kolb 679). This scholar argues that organisations may be unable to maximise their value and competitiveness due to high compensation practices for CEOs, hence calls for a minimum effective compensation or â€Å"maximum morally permissible compensation† necessary to attract, retain, and motivate CEOs to maximise the value of the organisations in the delivery of long-term results.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Additionally, it is common practice that CEOs receiving very high compensation packages would forego a project with positive net present value (NPV) if such a project causes them to fall short of the current quarter consensus forecast, and instead choose to invest in a short-term project that generates higher short-term returns in order to illustrate a perception of greater ability and hence justify their hefty payouts and market value. In the long-term, however, â€Å"stock price will drop due to sacrificed long-run profit for short-term profit, and CEO wealth will be negatively affected when the CEO holds a large number of stocks or stock options† (Gong 2). This assertion demonstrates why financial institutions, such as Frontier Bank and First Commercial Bank, have failed despite being led by highly remunerated CEOs. A major counterargument is that â€Å"while CEO pay has increased substantially since the early 1990s, the pay of other talented and fortunate groups has increased by at least as much† (Kaplan 6). Additionally, advocates for high CEO pay suggest that it would be immoral to reduce the pay when all indicators demonstrate that the productivity of a country’s economy has increased considerably over the years (Bogle 23; Ozkan 262). Criteria The recent credit market turmoil, corporate scandals, as well as the abuse of the 2008 golden parachute clause, provides the basis for claiming that CEOs are grossly overpaid despite their incapacity to deliver long-term results for their respective organisations. Reasons and Evidence It can be argued that hefty pay packages for CEOs do not translate into extemporary performance for the firm as well as enhancement of shareholder value in the long-term (Moriarty 238). In the recent credit market turmoil, CEO Charles Prince of Citigroup lost his job after the financial service firm lost hundreds of millions of dollars in poor performance related to prioritising short-term profits over long-term profits (Kaplan 6). In 2007, the second- highest paid Wall Street boss, Stanley O’Neil of Merrill Lynch, was forced to resign after running the financial institution to a near collapse due to shaky mortgages. Available figures indicate that O’Neal’s 2006 pay was approximately $48 million, second on Wall Street only to the $54.3 million earned by Goldman Sachs Group Inc. CEO Lloyd C. Blankfein† (Associated Press para. 9). In 2008, James Cayne of Bear Stearns was left with no option than to sell his shares in the troubled investment bank for a meagre $61 million (from a net worth of more that $1 billion), not mentioning that Bear’s shareholders suffered profound losses after the firm’s forced sale to JPMorgan Chase (Thomas para. 1-2). Although Cayne took home $34 million in pay, the former CEO and Board Chairman engaged in corporate malpractices to conceal the true state of affairs at Bears before its collapse (Kaplan 8).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Thinking Paper: Executive Compensation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It can also be argued that overpaying CEOs and other board members does not translate into well-run and managed organisations that have the capacity to improve shareholder value and performance over the long-term. Despite having highly remunerated CEOs at the helm, Enron and WorldCom collapsed due to financial scandals related to insider trading and shady accounting practices (Moriarty 237). Their collapse demonstrates that the CEOs never practiced value-based management (Avantika 29) and that the pay-for-performance strategy normally used to calculate pay packages for CEOs is not necessarily functional (Bogle 22; Ozkan 260). Further afield, the morale of many employees and shareholders is adversely affected by collapsing firms when they employ the Golden Parachute clauses to give substantial benefits to a CEO in the event that one firm is acquired by another, or the CEO’s contract is terminated immaturely (Banker et al 5). For example, ex-Merrill CEO Stanley O’Neil was given a lump sum of $161.5 million when the investment bank went under even after critics questioned his role in worsening the financial performance and shareholder value of the firm (Associated Press para. 1). Quantifier The above reasons, along with the alluded evidence, validate the argument that CEOs are grossly overpaid despite their incapacity to deliver long-term results to the organisation, and the scenario is worsened by the fact that CEOs ultimately receive huge allowances during the termination of their contracts even after putting their respective firms on a path towards obscurity. Conclusion From the analysis, it is evident that huge pay packages for CEOs do not necessarily translate into capacity to deliver long-term results for the organisation in terms of performance and improvement in shareholder value. The case scenarios highlighted (i.e., Mer rill Lynch, Bear Stearns, Citigroup, Enron and WorldCom) are a sharp indicator of the difficulties in linking high executive compensation to positive firm performance and improvement in shareholder value. Although advocates of high executive compensation cite market forces as the main reason for this trend, stakeholders need to take caution not to remunerate CEOs highly for short-term gains while compromising the long-term benefits of the organisation. Works Cited Associated Press. â€Å"Ex-Merrill Lynch CEO to Walk Out with $161.5M.† NBC News 30 Oct. 2007. Web.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Avantika, Tomar. â€Å"Global Recession and Determinants of CEO Compensation: An Empirical Investigation of Listed Indian Firms.† Advances in Management. 4.12 (2011): 27-37. Business Source Premier. Web. Banker, Rajiv D., Maseko N. Darrough, Rong Huang and Jose M. Plehn-Dujowich. â€Å"The Relation between CEO Compensation and Past Performance.† The Accounting Review. 88.1 (2013): 1-30. Business Source Premier. Web. Bogle, John C. â€Å"Reflections on CEO Compensation.† Academy of Management Perspectives. 22.2 (2008): 21-25. Business Source Premier. Web. Gong, James Jianxin. â€Å"Examining Shareholder Value Creation over CEO Tenure: A New Approach to Testing Effectiveness of Executive Compensation.† Journal of Management Accounting Research. 23.1 (2011): 1-28. Business Source Premier. Web. Kaplan, Steven N. â€Å"Are U.S. CEOs Overpaid?† Academy of Management Perspectives. 22.2 (2008): 5-20. Business Source Premier. Web. Kolb, Robert. â€Å"Must CEOs be Saints? Contra Monarty on CEO Abstemiousness.† Business Ethics Quarterly. 21.4 (2011): 679-691. Business Source Premier. Web. Moriarty, Jeffrey. â€Å"How much Compensation can CEOs Permissibly Accept?† Business Ethics Quarterly. 19.2 (2009): 235-250. Business Source Premier. Web. Ozkan, Neslihan. â€Å"CEO Compensation and Firm Performance: An Empirical Investigation of UK Panel Data.† European Financial Management. 17.2 (2011): 260-285. Business Source Premier. Web. Thomas, Landon. â€Å"Down $900 Million or More, the Chairman of Bears Sells.† New York Times 28 March 2008. Web. This essay on Critical Thinking Paper: Executive Compensation was written and submitted by user Jason Mcbride to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Analysis Of Sharon Olds, “Leningrad Cemetery, Winter Of 1941”

Analysis of Sharon Olds, â€Å"Leningrad Cemetery, Winter of 1941† In the poem, â€Å"Leningrad Cemetery, Winter of 1941,† Sharon Olds describes a cemetery during World War II. The 900-day siege on Leningrad began in September of 1941 and there were countless casualties to be buried during that winter. During the winter the ground freezes and makes it next to impossible to dig the graves. The winter of 1941 is described as, â€Å"that winter the dead could not be buried.† The ground is too hard to dig and the gravediggers are over tired and over worked. The war has killed so many people that the gravediggers are too weak to dig and they are also very hungry because food is scarce during war. The poem is vividly describing how horrible war can be. The language used in the poem is strong and descriptive. The corpses are described as being transported by children’s sleds. This description shows how all innocence during wartime is lost. The sadness that this inflicts on the children will never go away, their innocence is lost forever. The poem describes corpses wanting to be brought back alive. â€Å"A hand reaching out with no sign of peace.† That line purely shows how these soldiers were not ready to die; they still had their lives to live. Our sadness as witnesses to the war is nothing compared to the sadness of the dead who cannot witness anything. This poem symbolizes an important time in history. At the same time this poem can be used to describe the horror of all war. The war in Leningrad was a horr ible time and many lives were lost. Sharon Olds is trying to show us just how horrible war can be.... Free Essays on Analysis Of Sharon Olds, â€Å"Leningrad Cemetery, Winter Of 1941† Free Essays on Analysis Of Sharon Olds, â€Å"Leningrad Cemetery, Winter Of 1941† Analysis of Sharon Olds, â€Å"Leningrad Cemetery, Winter of 1941† In the poem, â€Å"Leningrad Cemetery, Winter of 1941,† Sharon Olds describes a cemetery during World War II. The 900-day siege on Leningrad began in September of 1941 and there were countless casualties to be buried during that winter. During the winter the ground freezes and makes it next to impossible to dig the graves. The winter of 1941 is described as, â€Å"that winter the dead could not be buried.† The ground is too hard to dig and the gravediggers are over tired and over worked. The war has killed so many people that the gravediggers are too weak to dig and they are also very hungry because food is scarce during war. The poem is vividly describing how horrible war can be. The language used in the poem is strong and descriptive. The corpses are described as being transported by children’s sleds. This description shows how all innocence during wartime is lost. The sadness that this inflicts on the children will never go away, their innocence is lost forever. The poem describes corpses wanting to be brought back alive. â€Å"A hand reaching out with no sign of peace.† That line purely shows how these soldiers were not ready to die; they still had their lives to live. Our sadness as witnesses to the war is nothing compared to the sadness of the dead who cannot witness anything. This poem symbolizes an important time in history. At the same time this poem can be used to describe the horror of all war. The war in Leningrad was a horr ible time and many lives were lost. Sharon Olds is trying to show us just how horrible war can be....

Topic list in the file Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Topic list in the file - Essay Example By the end of the 20th century, there was a complete turnaround of gender norms comprising of mixed and reversed roles among both genders from the reserved gender roles that were exhibited and practiced at the onset of the 20th century. This paper will analyze the characteristics of the 20th century gender norms and the way these norms were enforced and justified by both genders. On the first phase of the analysis, gender norms that surfaced in the first half of the 20th century will be discussed, each with their respective enforcements. This phase contains significant gender evolutionary milestones like women suffrage, and women’s increased responsibility in acting as subordinates to men during the first and second World Wars. The second phase that constitutes the second half of the 20th century displays more dynamism in gender norms reconstruction. These go on till finally, there is a form of gender norm balance and satisfaction from both ends at the end of the 20th century. The need for a more aligned gender norm definition does not stop, as the same plea flows over into the 21st century. The conclusion of the defined characters will be succeeded with a brief explanation of the challenges that were encountered in a continual bid to adopt and accept the changes in gender norms through the 20th century. Gender norms transition: 1900 – 1950 The onset of the 20th century carried itself along with the strict gender norms that were adhered to at the close of the 19th century. The increased industrial age had amplified the disparities in the gender norms where the men were categorized as the society’s producers and the women classed as protectors of the comfort havens the men came to roost after their daily works. The women in the society thus maintained a low profile in the society with their area of confinement maintained as the household where they took care of the children, prepared food, and carried out other household chores that would ta ke away that burden from their men’s activity list (Ryan 34). In the years that preceded the 1920s, women’s suffrage was the key fight by women that aimed at giving the native-born American woman the power to participate in politics and the right to vote. This fight had persisted during the last 40 years of the 19th century with associations such as the American Women’s Suffrage Association (AWSA) by Lucy Stone and Henry Blackwell in 1869 and National Women’s Suffrage Association (NWSA) by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton in the same year. The cries for women’s suffrage were initially ignored by the chauvinistic-dominated male administration. The years between 1910 and 1920 marked the most active years for the fighting for women’s right to vote and emphasized by an active lobbyist, Catt, who utilized her personal relation skills to obtain more than 500,000 signatures attesting for women’s suffrage. Since the advent of polit ics, it was a preserve of men whose position in politics was justified by claims of them being able enough to make decisions. Further, it was alleged that women were too religious to soil their morality in politics, which was allegedly dirty. It was preferred that they kept their sanctity and helped uphold the moral values in families and the society (Ryan 58). After many years of activism, 1922 was the year of victory when women participated for

Veganism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Veganism - Essay Example People like puppies, so they keep them in their laps, but would often forget to put them in the shelter when it’s raining out there. People who keep donkeys to use them as a means to travel and transport luggage over the cartridges beat them with lashes to make them run faster. So many animals are treated this way including horses, donkeys, ponies, and camels. People keep the dog for their safety, but when some dog catches a disease, he is shot dead! All life long, dogs bark at the outsiders for the protection of their masters, and the masters kill them when the dogs become useless. These are all cases of direct and overt subjugation of animals’ rights. Humans have also caused great loss to animals through their environment-unfriendly activities. Thousands of species of animals have become extinct as a result of the ever-increasing global warming. Humans happen to be the fundamental cause of this rise in temperature that has spoiled the natural habitat of thousands of a nimals. An in-depth analysis of the kind of treatment humans have given to the animals suggests that humans have largely been unfair to the animals and have always suppressed them. Animals are as much part of nature as are humans and they are as much creation of God as are humans. In light of these facts, it is a moral obligation upon every human being to take care of the animals. I have decided to become a vegan. This would enable me to take objective measures to protect the animals and provide them with a healthy and safe environment to live in.

Importance of understanding personality in psychology

Importance of understanding personality in psychology In the field of psychology it is most important to understand the personality of an individual. Personality helps sum up the values, actions, perceptions and behaviour, these can differ from person to person. There are a number of theories that are being used to understand people and have been around for many years, the five Psychological concepts used are Behaviourist, Humanistic, Cognitive, Psychodynamic and the Biological psychology. This assignment will cover two of the five approaches; they are the Behaviourist and Humanistic approach. Behaviourists primarily focus on peoples observable behaviour, experiences and their learning process to understand individuals. According to behaviourists ones behaviour does not depend on what goes on inside the mind and also believe if asked about their feelings it is very likely they could be providing misleading information. They also trust that behaviour is learnt either by imitation of others or repeating behaviour that has brought an award or a punishment; peoples interaction with the environment. Operant and Classical conditioning is two theories within the behaviourist theory. Operant conditioning according B.F Skinner (1936) is a learning method that arises through rewarding or punishing one for their behaviour. Classical conditioning which was discovered by Ivan Pavlov (1903) is said to be a learning procedure that is raised by a natural stimulus and an environmental stimulus. Watson and Rayner (1920) did a controlled experiment and recorded on videotapes. Watson wanted to take Pavlovs research from animals and test it on humans. This experiment was called Little Albert. Albert was 9 months old when he was tested for reactions towards various stimulis that were presented to him. Albert was shown white rat, a rabbit, a dog, a monkey, with masks, cotton wool, and burning newspapers. It was said he showed no fear towards the three animals. What Albert did respond negatively to was the loud noise that came from the hammer being struck against a steel bar, Albert cried when he heard it. When Albert was a little over 11months he was tested again in another controlled experiment, he was presented with a white rat and the steel bar was stuck by a hammer, this experiment was carried out 7 times over 7 weeks. When Albert was presented with a white rat, he would burst into tears not only that but Albert only had to see the white rat and he would show every sign of fear towards the white rat. Albert grew to fear the white rat, he also grew a fear for all fury things and the hammer was no longer needed to get Albert crying. (Watson, John B. Rayner, Rosalie. (1920). Conditioned emotional reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 3, 1-14). This classically conditioned experiment was a great success as it proved to be right. Some may agree believe that the behaviourist approach is more accurate than the Humanistic approach as it is considered scientific, and there is data that is collected by the researchers that prove to be a success. This approach being classed as scientific tells us that many experiments have been carried out to prove the accuracy of the approach and it has a backbone and isnt just assumptions of what might be going on in the mind and how if influences our everyday behaviour. Pavlov showed existence of the behaviourist approach when he by accidently discovered that the dog produced more saliva when he saw the lab assistant because he had learnt to associate the lab assistant with food. Watson approved of Pavlovs observations and wanted to connect it to human psychology and did so by performing the Little Albert experiment (1920). This experiment being done successfully, may be classed as double confirmation to some as they may believe that human and animals are alike in some sense because they adapt to their environment and learn to behave according to that environment. The behaviourist theory could be classed as biased. For example Watson and Pavlov conducted their experiment in laboratory conditions which means the Independent variable (IV) was controlled and manipulated by the experimenter to measure the dependent variable (DV). The dependent variable may be accurately measured but its sense of realism has been taken away and very little free will is left. Humanistic psychology could also be referred to as the third force in psychology, its theories that conflict the Behaviourist theories. The humanistic perspectives are more concerned and are interested in how peoples behaviours can be influenced by a persons emotions and thoughts. How one feels and how others see an individual is what they believe shapes peoples behaviour, interested in what goes on internally rather than the external factors. Humanistic approach believes that personality is what shapes human behaviour and comparing it to animals is dehumanising as each individual is unique and does not go by animalistic urges. Each social interaction helps develop ones personality. Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow are the main theorists who portray the Humanistic approach. Carl Rogers (1959) has claimed that the meaning of behaviour basically, is personal. One needs to feel appreciated and accepted by their environment and not only that but needs to be surround by people who they can talk to and would listen and understand them, he believed that if people arent surrounded by these social factors then relationships and healthy personalities will not develop. Satisfying yourself by achieving your personal goals, personal wishes and personal desires in life is where self-actualization takes place. He believes that a person can only do this when their ideal self and self imagine is congruent; the humanistic term for this is a fully functioning person. Abraham Maslow (1970) created a Hierarchy of needs pyramid which starts off with one needing to satisfy the lower needs before being able to achieve self actualization. The pyramid starts off with the basic needs such as physiological needs, safety needs, love and belongingness, Esteem needs, then goes on to the growth needs such as cognitive needs, aesthetic needs. Once these needs are seen to a person is able to realise the full potential and become everyone one can become. Behaviourist and humanist approach both recognise that humans nature to respond to whatever the situation whether it is internally or externally. Another similarity with the two approaches is they both take note of other individuals and ones experience and relation with them. They have more difference than similarities On one hand the Behaviourist approach does not see peoples ability to think but believe they have the ability to react, just like an animal. On the other hand, for the humanistic, peoples behaviour is believed to relay on being able to fulfil their needs and responsibilities, development of ones self and their self awareness. The behaviourists believe what shapes behaviour is ones response to natural stimulis and behaviour can be reshaped using Operant and Classical conditioning. As for the Humanistic beliefs ones behaviour is developed by their social interactions (Family, friends, environment and etc) Humanistic see an individual as unique, every person is unique and have their internal reasons for the behaviour, and do not believe that all behaviour is shaped by external factors; comes from within the mind.

Comparison of Eastern and Western Philosophers

[Comparison of Eastern and Western Philosophers ] Comparison of Eastern and Western Philosophers I will compare the Western philosopher Socrates to the Eastern philosopher Lao Tzu. These two philosophers had some things in common with their ideas and philosophies that they pursued. Socrates was a western philosopher that lived in Athens Greece and Lao was thought to be from what is now known as the Hunan province of China. Socrates Socrates lived in Athens which was a city that taught it was better to solve problems through debate rather than violence. It was because of this environment he grew up in that he became a great debater and strived to discover something important, namely, the essential nature of knowledge, justice, beauty, goodness, and, especially, traits of good character such as courage (McGraw-Hill, pg. 37, 2008) . He believed that power was not attained through wealth or physical strength but rather it was achieved through discussion or debate. The Delphi Oracle is said to have pronounced Socrates the wisest of people. To Socrates this meant he was aware of his own ignorance not that he was the wisest man in the world. Socrates made many enemies after this because he set out to find a man wiser than him and exposed many of them as frauds this brought about his demise as he was sentenced to death for corrupting young men's minds. Even though it is said by Plato that he could have gotten out of prison he choose to remain there because by living in Athens he agreed to live by their laws. Lao Tzu Lao Tzu believed that it was not through intervention but rather through understanding of how it functions. He also believed that the foundation of life was through peace and not through strife. The wise ruler, Lao Tzu believed, understands that violence is a last resort and knows that it can often be avoided by anticipation, by reconciling potential enemies and resolving difficulties when they first arise. Lao also believed it was through deeds done for others and not doing just the things that benefited himself that would define a person. This thought is best supported by a quote from his views on virtue where he stated The superior man hoards nothing. The more he uses for the benefit of others, the more he possesses himself. The more he gives to his fellow men, the more he has of his own (McGraw-Hill, pg. 538, 2008). The absence of selfish desires is the secret to his virtue. What Socrates and Lao Tzu had in common Both Socrates and Lao Tzu thought that even the wisest of humans is still ignorant. Both held that to act on that ignorance under the pretense that it is knowledge is folly that leads not to progress and betterment within the individual and society but to the opposite effect( McGraw-Hill, pg. 536, 2008). Even though both Socrates and Lao Tzu believed in fighting for injustices. Both Socrates and Lao both believed that it is best to settle things through talking and that war should be a last resort because violence only causes more tension and a retaliatory type reactions. In conclusion we can see that there similarities and differences in how these philosophers went about getting their messages across to others Socrates was more open and engaging in his desire to find true knowledge and meaning and used his gift of debate to engage others to find a better solution. Where Lao believed in just letting things happen and unfold as they may and what happens is what is meant to happen. Both of these philosophers were alike in the fact that they both strongly believed in only using force as a last resort. As both of these types of philosophy's have many good points I am more proponed to agree with western philosophy because I think like Socrates it is important to stick to what one truly believes as long as it is not detrimental to anyone else. Because if one's life is going to have meaning then we have to stick to what we believe because at the end of the day what really matters is how we feel about ourselves. If we compromise what we believe because of how others see us then our lives mean nothing. There is a very good poem by an unknown author called The Man in the Mirror in this poem the author states that at the end of the day the only thing that matters is that we can look at ourselves in the mirror and like what we see. References Moore, B. N. ; Bruder, K. (2008). Philosophy: The power of ideas (7th ed. ). Boston: McGraw-Hill.

Implied Warranties Case Study

Implied Warranties Case Study Implied Warranties FACTS: Peter and Tanya Rothing operated Diamond R Stables near Belgrade, Montana, where they bred, trained and sold horses. Arnold Kallestad owns a ranch in Gallatin County, Montana, where he grows hay and grain, and raise Red Angus cattle. For more than twenty years, Kallestad has sold between 300 and 1,000 tons of hay annually, sometimes advertising it for sale in the Bozeman Daily Chronicle. In 2001, the Rothing’s bought hay from Kallestad for $90 a ton.They received a delivery on April 23. In less than two weeks, at least nine of the Rothings’ horses exhibited symptoms of poisoning that was diagnosed as botulism. Before the outbreak was over, nineteen animals died. Robert Whitlock, associate professor of medicine and the director of the Botulism Laboratory at the University of Pennsylvania concluded that the Kallestad’s hay was the source. The Rothing’s filed a suit in a Montana state court against Kalle stad, claiming in part, breach of the implied warranty of merchantability.Kallestad asked the court to dismiss the claim on the grounds that, if botulism had been present, it had been in no way foreseeable. ISSUE: Should the court grant this request? Why or why not? [Rothing v. Kallestad, 337 Mont. 193. 159. P. 3d22 (2007)] DECISION: The court should not grant Kallestad’s request for dismissal because he breached his contract with the Rothings and failed to honor the implied warranty of merchantability. In addition, Kallestad should be ordered to reimburse or compensate the Rothings for the goods and products they’ve lost due to the defective product they received from Arnold Kallestad’s ranch.REASONS: From a personal standpoint, Arnold Kallestad may have not known the true conditions of the hay he sold to Peter and Tonya Rothing. For more than two decades Kallestad provided quality alfalfa hay at a competitive price. This, from what the facts tell us, is the fi rst major incident to occur within their business relationship. All the other purchases of hay were perfectly fine and free of disease and toxins. This isolated incident could be viewed as an unforeseeable accident. From a legal standpoint, Peter and Tonya Rothing have the law on their side.The Rothings claimed Kallestad breached the implied warranty of merchantability which is defined as â€Å"a warranty that goods being sold or lease are reasonably fit for the general purpose for which they are sold or leased, are properly packaged and labeled, and are of proper quality. The warranty automatically arises in every sale or lease of goods made by a merchant who deals in goods of the kind sold or leased† (Miller and Gaylord 360). The goods in question would be the alfalfa hay Kallestad harvested from his property annually.For the purpose of this case, goods are defined as â€Å"at  Ã‚ §Ã‚  Ã‚  30-2-105(1), MCA, to mean:  Ã‚  all things (including specially manufactured goo ds)  which are movable at the time of identification to the contract for sale  other than the money in which the price is to be paid, investment securities †¦ and things in action† (asci. uvm. edu). Kallestad would be considered a merchant of these goods because he has sold 300 to 1,000 tons of hay every year and advertises his product in the local newspaper on a regular basis.Therefore, it is established In Arnold Kallestad’s testimony, he admitted the hay the Rothings received were second cuttings and properly treated and dried. He also admitted â€Å"the hay was exposed to moisture during the winter months and that, one winter, a ditch near the stacked hay overflowed causing water to go along the west side of the stack of hay and then onto the road† (asci. uvm. edu). During this possible exposure, the overflow of water could have contained toxins from the soil or standing water located on Arnold Kallestad’s ranch, and contaminated the hay sold to Peter and Tonya Rothing.According to the U. S. National Library of Medicine, â€Å"Clostridium botulinum  is found in soil and untreated water throughout the world† which may be where the botulism came from (nlm. nih. gov). As for the compensation for the goods and products lost due to the defective hay sold to the Rothings, Kallestad is held liable refunding all monies paid for the purchase of the hay. In addition to the refund, he must also remit monies for the clean-up of infected areas on Diamond R. Stables, veterinary bills for services rendered, and compensation for the 19 animals killed as a result of the hay infected with botulism. Botulism: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. †Ã‚  U. S National Library of Medicine. Ed. Linda J. Vorvick, MD and Jatin M. Vyas, MD, PhD. U. S. National Library of Medicine, 24 Aug. 2011. Web. 05 Mar. 2012. . Miller, Roger LeRoy. , and Gaylord A. Jentz. Business Law Today: The Essentials: Text & Summarized Cases: E-commerce, Legal , Ethical, and International Environment. 9th ed. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning, 2011. Print. â€Å"Rothing v. Kallestad. †Ã‚  Department of Animal Science (ASCI): University of Vermont. The University of Vermont. Web. 04 Mar. 2012. .

Whats the Meaning of A Priori in French

In English, this Latin expression is not often used, and means in theory. In French, À  Priori is used quite often. It has several meanings. À Prioris Meaning In French, à   priori means: in principle/if everything goes as planned/unless something changes Oà ¹ vas-tu pour les vacances? Where do you go for your vacation?À priori, je vais en Bretagne... mais ce nest pas encore sà »r. If everything goes as planned, Im going to Brittany, but its not certain yet. À priori, son examen sest bien passà ©.Unless something changes (unless we hear otherwise), his test went well. Tu aimes le canard ? Do you like duck?À priori, oui, mais je nen ai jamais mangà ©. In principle, yes, but Ive never had it. Note that there are no good synonyms for this expression in French, which makes it quite useful and used. Avoir Des À Priori Note that when written without an s à   priori means to have set opinions about something. Tu dois le rencontrer sans à   priori.You must meet him without set opinions ( with an open mind) Elle a des à   priori contre lui.She has set opinions about him. A synonym could be un prà ©jugà ©.